Abstract: A spectral imager includes a filter array, a pixel array, and a lenslet array therebetween. The filter array includes a plurality of filter regions. The lenslet array includes a plurality of lenslets each configured to form a respective image of the filter array on a respective one of a plurality of regions of the pixel array. The spectral imager may also include a fore-optic lens, the filter array being located between the lenslet array and the fore-optic lens. The spectral imager may also include a fore-optic lens, the filter array being located between the lenslet array and the fore-optic lens. Each of the plurality of filter regions is configured to selectively transmit radiation based on wavelength and/or polarization.

Abstract: A spectral imager includes a filter array, a pixel array, and a lenslet array therebetween. The filter array includes a plurality of filter regions. The lenslet array includes a plurality of lenslets each configured to form a respective image of the filter array on a respective one of a plurality of regions of the pixel array. The spectral imager may also include a fore-optic lens, the filter array being located between the lenslet array and the fore-optic lens. The spectral imager may also include a fore-optic lens, the filter array being located between the lenslet array and the fore-optic lens. Each of the plurality of filter regions is configured to selectively transmit radiation based on wavelength and/or polarization.

Abstract: A birefringent filter includes an EM directing element in optical alignment with a first surface of the birefringent plate. A polarimetric imager includes a birefringent filter including a birefringent plate formed of a birefringent material and an EM directing element in optical alignment with a first surface of the birefringent plate. The imager further includes a detector in optical alignment with a second surface of the birefringent plate. A projection system includes an EM directing element and a birefringent filter. The filter includes (1) a birefringent plate formed of a birefringent material and having a first surface in optical alignment with the emissions source, and (2) an EM directing element in optical alignment with a second surface of the birefringent plate.

Abstract: Systems and methods for generating and providing an user interface for providing temporal information to users. The user interface may comprise a center portion and a three-dimensional shape comprising an upper portion that lies about the center portion and a lower portion that lies below the center portion. The center portion may correspond to a first time period. The upper portion may correspond to a second time period in the future relative to the first time period. The lower portion may correspond to a third time period in the past relative to the first time period.

Abstract: Systems and methods for generating and providing an user interface for providing temporal information to users. The user interface may comprise a center portion and a three-dimensional shape comprising an upper portion that lies about the center portion and a lower portion that lies below the center portion. The center portion may correspond to a first time period. The upper portion may correspond to a second time period in the future relative to the first time period. The lower portion may correspond to a third time period in the past relative to the first time period.

Abstract: Systems and methods for generating and providing an user interface for providing temporal information to users. The user interface may comprise a center portion and a three-dimensional shape comprising an upper portion that lies about the center portion and a lower portion that lies below the center portion. The center portion may correspond to a first time period. The upper portion may correspond to a second time period in the future relative to the first time period. The lower portion may correspond to a third time period in the past relative to the first time period.

Abstract: A birefringent filter includes an EM directing element in optical alignment with a first surface of the birefringent plate. A polarimetric imager includes a birefringent filter including a birefringent plate formed of a birefringent material and an EM directing element in optical alignment with a first surface of the birefringent plate. The imager further includes a detector in optical alignment with a second surface of the birefringent plate. A projection system includes an EM directing element and a birefringent filter. The filter includes (1) a birefringent plate formed of a birefringent material and having a first surface in optical alignment with the emissions source, and (2) an EM directing element in optical alignment with a second surface of the birefringent plate.

Abstract: A blackbody radiation device (110) includes a planar filament emission element (102) and a planar detector (104) for respectively producing and detecting radiation having width dl/l less than about 0.1 to test a sample gas, where l is the wavelength of the radiation; a reflector (108); a window (W); an electrical control (118); and a data output element (116).

Abstract: An infrared emitter, which utilizes a photonic crystal (PC) structure to produce electromagnetic emissions with a narrow hand of wavelengths, includes a semiconductor material layer, a dielectric material layer overlaying the semiconductor material layer, and a metallic material layer having an inner side overlaying the dielectric material layer. The semiconductor material layer is capable of being coupled to an energy source for introducing energy to the semiconductor material layer. An array of surface features are defined in the device in a periodic manner or quasi-periodic. The emitter device is adapted to emit electromagnetic energy having spectral characteristics determined by parameters of the periodically distributed surface features, the parameters including shape, size, depth, distribution geometry, periodicity, material properties and defects.

Abstract: A blackbody radiation device (110) includes a planar filament emission element (102) and a planar detector (104) for respectively producing and detecting radiation having width dl/l less than about 0.1 to test a sample gas, where l is the wavelength of the radiation; a reflector (108); a window (W); an electrical control (118); and a data output element (116).

Abstract: An infrared emitter, which utilizes a photonic crystal (PC) structure to produce electromagnetic emissions with a narrow hand of wavelengths, includes a semiconductor material layer, a dielectric material layer overlaying the semiconductor material layer, and a metallic material layer having an inner side overlaying the dielectric material layer. The semiconductor material layer is capable of being coupled to an energy source for introducing energy to the semiconductor material layer. An array of surface features are defined in the device in a periodic manner or quasi-periodic. The emitter device is adapted to emit electromagnetic energy having spectral characteristics determined by parameters of the periodically distributed surface features, the parameters including shape, size, depth, distribution geometry, periodicity, material properties and defects.

Abstract: A blackbody radiation device (110) includes a planar filament emission element (102) and a planar detector (104) for respectively producing and detecting radiation having width dl/l less than about 0.1 to test a sample gas, where l is the wavelength of the radiation; a reflector (108); a window (W); an electrical control (118); and a data output element (116).

Abstract: An infrared emitter, which utilizes a photonic crystal (PC) structure to produce electromagnetic emissions with a narrow band of wavelengths, includes a semiconductor material layer, a dielectric material layer overlaying the semiconductor material layer, and a metallic material layer having an inner side overlaying the dielectric material layer. The semiconductor material layer is capable of being coupled to an energy source for introducing energy to the semiconductor material layer. An array of surface features are defined in the device in a periodic manner or quasi-periodic. The emitter device is adapted to emit electromagnetic energy having spectral characteristics determined by parameters of the periodically distributed surface features, the parameters including shape, size, depth, distribution geometry, periodicity, material properties and defects.

Abstract: A radiation source including a base, a curved reflector attached to the base, pins passing through the base and within the reflector, and a filament of high emissivity material helically wound about the pins and having opposing ends electrically connected to the pins so that upon passage of electrical energy through the filament, the filament becomes electrically heated and emits infrared radiation.

Abstract: An absorption spectroscopy apparatus including a sample cell having a central axis, and a side wall coaxially positioned about the axis. The side wall defines a generally circular cross-section of the cell as taken along a plane extending perpendicular to the axis, wherein the generally circular cross-section of the sample cell has an average radius. The side wall includes a plurality of light reflective segments arrayed about the axis, wherein each reflective segment has a cross-section taken along a plane extending perpendicular to the axis of the cell that is concave with respect to the axis. The concave cross-section of each segment has an average radius that is unequal to the average radius of the generally circular cross-section of the sample cell. Among other aspects and advantages, the apparatus of the present disclosure is able to use incoherent, non-collimated light sources while maintaining high optical throughput efficiencies.

Abstract: A blackbody radiation device (110) includes a planar filament emission element (102) and a planar detector (104) for respectively producing and detecting radiation having width dl/1 less than about 0.1 to test a sample gas, where 1 is the wavelength of the radiation; a reflector (108); a window (W); an electrical control (118); and a data output element (116).

Abstract: An absorption spectroscopy apparatus having a fluid inlet and a fluid outlet. The apparatus includes a sample cell including an axis, a side wall having at least one curved reflective surface arrayed about the axis and facing inwardly with respect to the cell such that a beam of energy directed against a predetermined location on the reflective surface is reflected back and forth off the reflective surface and remains in substantially the same plane while inside the cell, and at least one port in the sidewall. The apparatus also includes at least one source/detector reflector having a curved profile in a plane extending perpendicular to the axis of the cell. The reflector is positioned with respect to the port of the cell to reflect energy through the port of the cell and against the predetermined location on the reflective surface of the side wall of the cell.

Abstract: An absorption spectroscopy apparatus having a fluid inlet and a fluid outlet. The apparatus includes a sample cell including an axis, a side wall having at least one curved reflective surface arrayed about the axis and facing inwardly with respect to the cell such that a beam of energy directed against a predetermined location on the reflective surface is reflected back and forth off the reflective surface and remains in substantially the same plane while inside the cell, and at least one port in the sidewall. The apparatus also includes at least one source/detector reflector having a curved profile in a plane extending perpendicular to the axis of the cell. The reflector is positioned with respect to the port of the cell to reflect energy through the port of the cell and against the predetermined location on the reflective surface of the side wall of the cell.

Abstract: A radiation source including a base, a curved reflector attached to the base, pins passing through the base and within the reflector, and a filament of high emissivity material helically wound about the pins and having opposing ends electrically connected to the pins so that upon passage of electrical energy through the filament, the filament becomes electrically heated and emits infrared radiation.

Abstract: A spectrometer system comprises (i) a slab waveguide characterized as an index of refraction higher than a surrounding medium, and having front surface and a rear surface opposite thereto, the front surface including a input portion for accepting optical radiation, a diffractor portion and an exit portion, (ii) a diffraction grating disposed on said diffractor portion of said front surface, (iii) a detector array aligned adjacent to the exit portion, and (iv) a mirror coated on the rear surface of the waveguide. Radiation transmitted within the waveguide from the input portion is reflected and collimated by the mirror to the granting. Light diffracted from the grating is dispersed to the mirror and reflected toward and through the exit portion and onto the array.