Abstract: A system for determining power flows in a power plant including an energy storage system (ESS) including an energy storage device and a power generation system comprising a power source includes at least one memory storing a power plant model. The power plant model includes an ESS model including an energy storage device model, a power generation system model, a load model of a load configured to receive power from the power plant, and system relationships between the ESS model, the power generation system model, and the load model. The system further includes at least one processor configured to receive input parameters for the load, determine a power flow rate at a point in the power plant or an energy storage level of the energy storage device at a first time step, and generate a record comprising an indication of the power flow rate or energy storage level.

Abstract: The invention concerns an article of manufacture that is a manufactured product marked with a microparticle and a method of marking manufactured produces. The microparticle tag includes a predetermined code embedded in its physical structure by refractive index changes between different regions of the particle. The particle has a diameter of a few hundred microns or less and has a plurality of layers.

Abstract: The invention concerns a particle having a code embedded in its physical structure by refractive index changes between different regions of the particle. In preferred embodiments, a thin film possesses porosity that varies in a manner to produce a code detectable in the reflectivity spectrum.

Abstract: The invention is related to optical particles (10), use of optical particles in sensing applications, and methods of fabricating optical particles that can target a desired analyte. The invention is also related to the self assembly of individual optical particles. An advantage of the invention is that it includes self-assembling individual photonic crystal sensors onto a target. In an embodiment of the invention, a processed sensor structure having two generally opposing surfaces is provided, wherein each of the opposing surfaces have different surface affinities, with a first optical structure formed on one of the opposing surfaces, and a second optical structure formed on the other of the opposing surfaces. The chemically and optically asymmetric opposing surfaces will spontaneously align at an organic liquid/water interface. Changes in the optical response of at least one of the opposing surfaces indicate the presence of a particular analyte for sensing applications.

Abstract: A method of generating three-dimensional nanostructures that includes providing a silicon substrate, creating a porous silicon template from the silicon substrate, wherein the template is created to have a predetermined configuration, depositing a predetermined material on the porous silicon template, and removing the porous silicon template from the deposited material to leave a freestanding nanostructure.