Abstract: A method for quantifying amounts of per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) may use a PFAS detection system comprising a working electrode and one or more processors. The working electrode may have a polymer layer disposed on its surface that comprises a plurality of affinity sites for detecting a plurality of PFAS molecules. Each of the plurality affinity sites may have been created using a template PFAS. The method may comprise detecting, at the working electrode, a plurality PFAS molecules that have bonded to one or more of the plurality of affinity sites; and determining, by the one or more processors and based on the detected plurality of PFAS molecules that are bonded to the one or more affinity sites, a concentration of PFAS in an environment.

Abstract: Disclosed are pyrethrin-based insect control compositions which have been formulated to reduce wick clogging. An acetylenic hydrocarbon having at least two terminal alkyne groups, such as 1,8-nonadiyne, together with an antioxidant such as dilauryl thiodipropionate, are used to reduce clogging caused by components of pyrethrum extract.

Abstract: Disclosed are pyrethrin-based insect control compositions which have been formulated to reduce wick clogging. An acetylenic hydrocarbon having at least two terminal alkyne groups, such as 1,8-nonadiyne, together with an antioxidant such as dilauryl thiodipropionate, are used to reduce clogging caused by components of pyrethrum extract.

Abstract: Disclosed are pyrethrin-based insect control formulations which have been formulated to reduce wick clogging in dispensers which use heaters to drive an insect control active from the wick. Pyrethrum extract is mixed with an acetylenic compound, such as prallethrin or 3,5-dimethylhex-1-yn-3-ol, and a terminal diene compound such as myrcene or 1,3 hexadiene. Wick clogging side effects from using the pyrethrum are thereby suppressed.

Abstract: A refill is disclosed for an electronically activated dispenser of liquid volatiles, such as insecticides and fragrances. There is a bottle having a wick, a wick holder, a vent hole, an outlet, and a removable cap. When the cap is in place it covers both the wick and a vent hole. The cap seals the vent hole via an interference fit with a well adjacent the vent hole and also either a direct abutment against the vent hole or a surrounding of the vent hole. Also disclosed is a refill where the porous wick and vent hole are within defined size ranges so as to facilitate the use of a pyrethrum insecticide.