Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparing alkylate comprising the subsequent steps (a), (b) and (c): (a) an alkylation step, wherein in a reaction zone a hydrocarbon mixture comprising at least an isoparaffin and an olefin is reacted with an ionic liquid catalyst to obtain an effluent comprising alkylate and solids, which latter are formed as side products in the alkylation step; (b) a separation step, wherein at least part of the alkylate-comprising effluent coming from the reaction zone is separated in a separator unit into a hydrocarbon-rich phase and an ionic liquid catalyst-rich phase which latter phase also comprises solids formed as side products during the alkylation reaction; and (c) a solids removal step, wherein the solids in ionic liquid catalyst-rich phase are separated from the ionic liquid catalyst using a suitable separating device; wherein the process further comprises a step following the separation step (b) and prior to the solids removal step (c).

Abstract: The present invention relates to a composite ionic liquid comprising ammonium cations and composite coordinate anions derived from two or more metal salts, wherein at least one metal salt is an aluminium salt and any further metal salt is a salt of a metal selected from the group consisting of Group IB elements of the Periodic Table, Group IIB elements of the Periodic Table and transition elements of the Periodic Table, wherein the ammonium cation is a N,N?-disubstituted imidazolium cation, the substituents independently being selected from C1-C10 alkyl, and C6-C10 aryl. The composite ionic liquid of the invention is a stable catalyst, which can suitably be used to run an ionic liquid alkylation process which produces less solids and an alkylate product comprising less organic chlorides as side products than processes known from the prior art.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparing alkylate comprising the subsequent steps (a), (b) and (c): (a) an alkylation step, wherein in a reaction zone a hydrocarbon mixture comprising at least an isoparaffin and an olefin is reacted with an ionic liquid catalyst to obtain an effluent comprising alkylate and solids, which latter are formed as side products in the alkylation step; (b) a separation step, wherein at least part of the alkylate-comprising effluent coming from the reaction zone is separated in a separator unit into a hydrocarbon-rich phase and an ionic liquid catalyst-rich phase which latter phase also comprises solids formed as side products during the alkylation reaction; and (c) a solids removal step, wherein the solids in ionic liquid catalyst-rich phase are separated from the ionic liquid catalyst using a suitable separating device; wherein the process further comprises a step following the separation step (b) and prior to the solids removal step (c).

Abstract: A process for the separation of olefinic hydrocarbons from a liquid feedstock composition comprising at least one olefinic hydrocarbon and at least one paraffinic hydrocarbon, said process comprising contacting the liquid feedstock with a supported ionic liquid membrane wherein the supported ionic liquid membrane comprises a membrane impregnated with an ionic liquid composition.

Abstract: This invention relates to processes for making phosphorus compounds R2P—X—PR2, R2P-M, R2P-L and R3P, and the novel cation R2P+(L)-X—P+(L)R2, where R represents an optionally substituted hydrocarbyl group, X represents a bridging group, L represents a leaving group and M represents an alkali metal atom. The invention relates further to a process for making a compound R2P-L from a compound R—H via a new process for making the compound R—Li followed by its reaction with a compound Hal2P-L. The compound R2P—X—PR2 is a ligand suitable for making catalysts for copolymerizing carbon monoxide and a olefinically unsaturated compound.

Abstract: This invention relates to processes for making phosphorus compounds R2P—X—PR2, R2P-M, R2P-L and R3P, and the novel cation R2P+(L)-X—P+(L)R2, where R represents an optionally substituted hydrocarbyl group, X represents a bridging group, L represents a leaving group and M represents an alkali metal atom. The invention relates further to a process for making a compound R2P-L from a compound R—H via a new process for making the compound R—Li followed by its reaction with a compound Hal2P-L. The compound R2P—X—PR2 is a ligand suitable for making catalysts for copolymerizing carbon monoxide and a olefinically unsaturated compound.

Abstract: This invention relates to processes for making phosphorus compounds R2P—X—PR2, R2P-M, R2P-L and R3P, and the novel cation R2P+(L)-X—P+(L)R2, where R represents an optionally substituted hydrocarbyl group, X represents a bridging group, L represents a leaving group and M represents an alkali metal atom. The invention relates further to a process for making a compound R2P-L from a compound R—H via a new process for making the compound R—Li followed by its reaction with a compound Hal2P-L. The compound R2P—X—PR2 is a ligand suitable for making catalysts for copolymerizing carbon monoxide and a olefinically unsaturated compound.

Abstract: This invention relates to processes for making phosphorus compounds R2P—X—PR2, R2P-M, R2P-L and R3P, and the novel cation R2P+(L)-X—P+(L)R2, where R represents an optionally substituted hydrocarbyl group, X represents a bridging group, L represents a leaving group and M represents an alkali metal atom. The invention relates further to a process for making a compound R2P-L from a compound R—H via a new process for making the compound R—Li followed by its reaction with a compound Hal2P-L. The compound R2P—X—PR2 is a ligand suitable for making catalysts for copolymerizing carbon monoxide and a olefinically unsaturated compound.

Abstract: This invention relates to processes for making phosphorus compounds R2P—X—PR2, R2P—M, R2P—L and R3P, and the novel cation R2P+(L)—X—P+(L)R2, where R represents an optionally substituted hydrocarbyl group, X represents a bridging group, L represents a leaving group and M represents an alkali metal atom. The invention relates further to a process for making a compound R2P—L from a compound R—H via a new process for making the compound R—Li followed by its reaction with a compound Hal2P—L. The compound R2P—X—PR2 is a ligand suitable for making catalysts for copolymerizing carbon monoxide and a olefinically unsaturated compound.

Abstract: A catalyst composition comprising a bis-amide compound represented by the formula ##STR1## wherein M is zirconium, hafnium or titanium; each N is a three coordinate nitrogen atom; each e is Si, Ge or Sn; each Z is, independently, a hydride or R; each R is, independently, a hydrocarbyl one or more carbon atoms of which may be substituted by an element selected from Si, O, P, N and S; L is a neutral Lewis base and m is a number from 0 to 2; or a dimer thereof and a second component. Preferably the second component is a compound which is capable of providing a bulky and labile anion ?A!.sup.-, which anion is substantially non-coordinating under the reaction conditions and contains at least one boron atom. Also provided is a process for oligomerizing or co-oligomerizing alpha olefins in the presence of this catalyst composition.