Abstract: A method of optimizing the use of radio resources in the UTRAN 5,19 of a UMTS network 17, and comprising transferring information, relating to changes in the radio resources available to an application 27 at a UE 1,16 and/or relating to changes in the radio resource demand of the application 27, between the application 27 and a radio resource handling entity of the UTRAN 5,19.

Abstract: A method of inspecting a communication link between a UE and a Radio Access Network (RAN) of a mobile teleconmmunications network. A Protocol Data Unit (PDU) containing a loop request is sent from an RLC entity located at a serving RNC of the RAN to a peer RLC entity located at the UE. The loop PDU is received at said peer RLC entity and recognised as containing a loop request. In response to the loop request, the receiving RLC entity automatically sends a response PDU from the RLC entity at the UE to the RLC entity of the RAN.

Abstract: A method of optimising the use of radio resources in the UTRAN 5,19 of a UMTS network 17, and comprising transferring information, relating to changes in the radio resources available to an application 27 at a UE 1,16 and/or relating to changes in the radio resource demand of the application 27, between the application 27 and a radio resource handling entity of the UTRAN 5,19.

Abstract: Compositions and methods useful for identification or diagnostic use, or inhibition of adherence of uropathogenic bacteria to cells, all in connection with uropathogenic bacterial infections, containing as an active constituent the structural element, preferably in terminal position:.alpha.--D--Galp--(1-4)--D--Gal.Process for identification or quantification of such structural element in native biological material from mammals including man, comprising using antibodies, the generation of which has been initiated by such composition. A process for the identification of bacterial acceptor structures (pili, syn. fimbriae) recognizing the described structural element, comprising using this recognition. A process for purifying acceptor structures of bacteria, comprising using for the purification the affinity between such structural element and the corresponding acceptor structures on the bacteria.

Abstract: Compositions and methods useful for identification or diagnostic use, or inhibition of adherence of uropathogenic bacteria to cells, all in connection with uropathogenic bacterial infections, containing as an active constituent the structural element, preferably in terminal position:.alpha.--D--Galp--(1-4)--D--Gal.process for identification or quantification of such structural element in native biological material from mammals including man, comprising using antibodies, the generation of which has been initiated by such composition. A process for the identification of bacterial acceptor structures (pili, syn. fimbriae) recognizing the described structural element, comprising using this recognition. A process for purifying acceptor structures of bacteria, comprising using for the purification the affinity between such structural element and the corresponding acceptor structures on the bacteria.