Abstract: Provided is a method of operating a server to provide advertising information, the method including receiving a query from a user terminal of at least one user among users that participate in a chatroom, the query being created based on link information included in a message in the chatroom; acquiring advertising information corresponding to the link information; and providing a response signal that includes the advertising information to the user terminal in response to the query. The advertising information is determined to correspond to an entity that is determined based on the link information.

Abstract: Provided is a method of operating a server to provide advertising information, the method including receiving a query from a user terminal of at least one user among users that participate in a chatroom, the query being created based on link information included in a message in the chatroom; acquiring advertising information corresponding to the link information; and providing a response signal that includes the advertising information to the user terminal in response to the query. The advertising information is determined to correspond to an entity that is determined based on the link information.

Abstract: The present invention provides a technique for enhancing electrocatalysis in electrochemical systems. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy is performed for an electrode/electrolyte system at an intermediate frequency. Using an appropriate equivalent circuit model, the corresponding phase-shift can be derived. From this data, the Langmuir absorption isotherm can be created to determine the relation of and transition between overpotentially deposited and underpotentially deposited reactive species. Knowledge of the overpotentially and underpotentially deposited reactive species permits optimal selection of the operating conditions for an electrochemical system.