Abstract: Disclosed is a method of performing satellite communication in a synchronous or asynchronous mobile terminal containing a satellite communication module (SCM) having a satellite antenna for performing direct communication with a satellite, thus allowing communication in areas where there exists no land communication network as well as allowing land radio communication. The method includes a first step of interfacing between the satellite communication apparatus and the land communication apparatus such that predetermined signals are transmitted/received between the satellite communication apparatus and the land communication apparatus; and a second step of performing the satellite communication according to the signals transmitted/received between the satellite communication apparatus and the land communication apparatus through the interfacing.

Abstract: An iris identification system and method of identifying the identity of an animate being through iris scanning are disclosed. The system features an iris system pick-up unit including a camera for capturing iris images to create input image signals. The iris image pick-up unit is operated with a control unit that is interfaced with a data processing unit for preprocessing the input image signals into processed data. The processed data is representative of one of a plurality of parameters for iris identification selected from the group consisting of (1) the density and texture form of the iris fiber structure using a frequency transformation method, (2) pupilliary reaction, (3) the shape of the pupil, (4) autonomous nervous wreath reaction, (5) shape of the autonomous nervous wreath, (6) the existence of lacuna, (7) the location of the lacuna, and (8) the shape of the lacuna.