Abstract: A process for production of cyclopropyl-fused pyrrolidine-based inhibitors of dipeptidyl peptidase IV is provided which employs a BOC-protected amine of the structure prepared by subjecting an acid of the structure to reduce amination by treating the acid with ammonium formate, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, dithiothreitol and partially purified phenylalanine dehydrogenase/formate dehydrogenase enzyme concentrate (PDH/FDH) and without isolating treating the resulting amine of the structure 2 with di-tert-butyl dicarbonate to form the BOC-protected amine.

Abstract: A process for production of cyclopropyl-fused pyrrolidine-based inhibitors of dipeptidyl peptidase IV is provided which employs a BOC-protected amine of the structure prepared by subjecting an acid of the structure to reduce amination by treating the acid with ammonium formate, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, dithiothreitol and partially purified phenylalanine dehydrogenase/formate dehydrogenase enzyme concentrate (PDH/FDH) and without isolating treating the resulting amine of the structure 2 with di-tert-butyl dicarbonate to form the BOC-protected amine.

Abstract: A process for production of cyclopropyl-fused pyrrolidine-based inhibitors of dipeptidyl peptidase IV is provided which employs a BOC-protected amine of the structure prepared by subjecting an acid of the structure to reduce amination by treating the acid with ammonium formate, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, dithiothreitol and partially purified phenylalanine dehydrogenase/formate dehydrogenase enzyme concentrate (PDH/FDH) and without isolating treating the resulting amine of the structure 2 with di-tert-butyl dicarbonate to form the BOC-protected amine

Abstract: A process for production of cyclopropyl-fused pyrrolidine-based inhibitors of dipeptidyl peptidase IV is provided which employs a BOC-protected amine of the structure prepared by subjecting an acid of the structure to reduce amination by treating the acid with ammonium formate, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, dithiothreitol and partially purified phenylalanine dehydrogenase/formate dehydrogenase enzyme concentrate (PDH/FDH) and without isolating treating the resulting amine of the structure 2 with di-tert-butyl dicarbonate to form the BOC-protected amine.

Abstract: A process for production of cyclopropyl-fused pyrrolidine-based inhibitors of dipeptidyl peptidase IV is provided which employs a BOC-protected amine of the structure prepared by subjecting an acid of the structure to reduce amination by treating the acid with ammonium formate, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, dithiothreitol and partially purified phenylalanine dehydrogenase/formate dehydrogenase enzyme concentrate (PDH/FDH) and without isolating treating the resulting amine of the structure 2 with di-tert-butyl dicarbonate to form the BOC-protected amine.

Abstract: A process for production of cyclopropyl-fused pyrrolidine-based inhibitors of dipeptidyl peptidase IV is provided which employs a BOC-protected amine of the structure prepared by subjecting an acid of the structure to reduce amination by treating the acid with ammonium formate, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, dithiothreitol and partially purified phenylalanine dehydrogenase/formate dehydrogenase enzyme concentrate (PDH/FDH) and without isolating treating the resulting amine of the structure 2 with di-tert-butyl dicarbonate to form the BOC-protected amine.

Abstract: An enzymatic ammonolysis process is provided for the preparation of intermediates used in preparing dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitors wherein the enzyme Candida antarctica lipase-B is used to catalyze the ammonolysis process.

Abstract: Provided is a dynamic resolution method of enriching a desired isomer of an alpha-substituted carboxylic acid relative to an undesired isomer, the method comprising: (a) in a solvent, contacting the alpha-substituted carboxylic acid, wherein the alpha substitution is with a leaving group and wherein the alpha carbon is chiral, with a homochiral amine to form a salt that is partially insoluble under selected reaction conditions, wherein the homochiral amine is selected so that the solubility of the amine salt of the undesired alpha-substituted carboxylic acid is greater than that of the amine salt of the desired alpha-substituted carboxylic acid under the selected reaction conditions; (b) reacting under the selected reaction conditions the salt with a nucleophile, wherein the reacting is effective in producing a net increase in the less soluble amine salt of the alpha-substituted carboxylic acid, and wherein the selected conditions are selected to (i) promote nucleophilic substitution of the nucleophile and th

Abstract: An enzymatic ammonolysis process is provided for the preparation of intermediates used in preparing dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitors wherein the enzyme Candida antarctica lipase-B is used to catalyze the ammonolysis process.

Abstract: A method of making didanosine (ddI) including the steps of: (a) obtaining an enzyme expressing ddA deaminase activity; (b) immobilizing the enzyme onto an insoluble support; (c) contacting the enzyme with a dideoxyadenosine (ddA) solution of at least about 4% weight volume ddA in water for a time and under conditions to produce a ddI solution; and (d) isolating the ddI from the ddI solution. Optionally, the ddI mother liquor is reused in subsequent runs to improve yield.

Abstract: Provided is a dynamic resolution method of enriching a desired isomer of an alpha-substituted carboxylic acid relative to an undesired isomer, the method comprising: (a) in a solvent, contacting the alpha-substituted carboxylic acid, wherein the alpha substitution is with a leaving group and wherein the alpha carbon is chiral, with a homochiral amine to form a salt that is partially insoluble under selected reaction conditions, wherein the homochiral amine is selected so that the solubility of the amine salt of the undesired alpha-substituted carboxylic acid is greater than that of the amine salt of the desired alpha-substituted carboxylic acid under the selected reaction conditions; (b) reacting under the selected reaction conditions the salt with a nucleophile, wherein the reacting is effective in producing a net increase in the less soluble amine salt of the alpha-substituted carboxylic acid, and wherein the selected conditions are selected to (i) promote nucleophilic substitution of the nucleophile and th