Abstract: An electron vibrometer includes: an electron source providing a beam of primary electrons; a cantilever including: a receiver portion including: a gradient in thickness, a gradient in mass, atomic number of constituent atoms, or a combination thereof, the cantilever being disposed relative to the electron source such that the receiver portion of the cantilever receives the beam of primary electrons, and produces a plurality of scattered electrons from the receiver portion in response to receipt of the beam of primary electrons; and a charged particle detector that receives the plurality of scattered electrons from the receiver portion, and produces a detector signal comprising an amplitude that varies in relation to the gradient subject to receipt of the primary electrons, and the detector signal providing determination of the displacement of the cantilever.

Abstract: A flow through pressure regulator apparatus and method for directing a flow of fuel and reducing noise generation within a fuel system. Present invention includes a lower housing having fuel inlet where fuel flows through the fuel inlet and communicates with a valve biasing member through a fuel chamber. The valve biasing member permits or inhibits fuel flow through the fuel chamber by opening and closing a valve element. The valve biasing member comprises a flat disk having at least two reticulated concentric rings coupled by at least one bridge. As fuel flows past an open valve element, the valve biasing member diffuses the flow of fuel. A fuel cover directs the flow of fuel from the valve biasing member to the fuel outlet.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention provide a method for selectively detecting myelin in tissue samples using lipophilic dyes and kits for detecting myelin in a sample. The dyes of the present invention are represented by the general formula A-B-E wherein A is a nitrogen heterocycle, B is a bridge moiety and E is an electron pair accepting moiety that comprises either a carbonyl or nitrogen atom. In one embodiment these lipophilic dyes are a merocyanine dye, a cyanine dye, a styryl dye or a carbazolylvinyl dye.

Abstract: A press fit plug assembly used to seal a fuel rail in which a pressure pulsation damper is inserted. The fuel rail includes an elongated member, a first member, and a second member. The elongated member extends along a longitudinal axis, the first member being positioned within the elongated member, with at least one inward projection extending toward the longitudinal axis. The second member, positioned within the first member, has at least one outward projection extending away from the longitudinal axis. The outward projection engages the inward projection between the first member end and the inward projection. A method of assembling a pressure pulsation damper within a passage of a fuel rail is achieved by forming a first seal between the fuel rail and a first member; inserting the pressure pulsation damper through the first member; and forming a second seal between the first member and a second member.

Abstract: A flow-through pressure regulator having a housing, and a divider. The housing includes an inlet and an outlet disposed along a longitudinal axis. The divider separates the housing into a first chamber and a second chamber, and includes a seat, a diaphragm, a retainer and a flow distributor member. The seat includes a sealing surface and a second surface, and defines a first flow path from the sealing surface to the second surface. The diaphragm extends between the housing and the seat. The retainer secures the diaphragm to the seat, and may include a base portion proximate the seat, an intermediate portion extending along the longitudinal axis from the base portion toward the outlet, an end portion extending from the intermediate portion, and at least one aperture that permits fluid communication between the first flow path and the second chamber.

Abstract: A flow-through pressure regulator having a housing, and a divider. The housing includes an inlet and an outlet disposed along a longitudinal axis. The divider separates the housing into a first chamber and a second chamber, and includes a seat, a diaphragm, a retainer and a flow diffuser member. The seat defines a passage between the first and second chambers. The diaphragm extends between the housing and the seat. The retainer secures the diaphragm to the seat, and may include a base portion proximate the seat, an intermediate portion extending along the longitudinal axis from the base portion toward the outlet, an end portion extending from the intermediate portion, and at least one aperture having a flow axis that permits fluid communication between the passage and the second chamber. The flow diffuser member is disposed between the passage and the outlet, and defines a plurality of flow paths.

Abstract: A fluid communication device such as a fuel rail having a bellows damper positioned either in the end of the fuel rail or orthogonal to the axis of the fuel rail for dampening pulsed pressure waves from the flowing of the fuel. The bellows is a hollow tubular member having an enclosed end with a plurality of circular hollow ribs forming the outer surface of the bellows. The damper may also be located in a pocket or may be free floating in the fuel rail. An additional spring member is added to the damper for changing the spring rate characteristic of the bellows.