Abstract: Provided is a non-cyclopentadienyl-based chromium-ligand complex, preferably a chromium-ligand complex of formula (J): LCr(RA)m(D)k (J), wherein L is a non-Cp monoanionic ligand; Cr (chromium) is in a formal oxidation state of +3 or +2; when Cr formally is Cr+3, either m is 1 and RA is hydrocarbylene (a hydrocarbylene chromium-ligand complex of formula (J)) or m is 2 and each RA independently is hydrocarbyl (a dihydrocarbyl chromium-ligand complex of formula (J)), wherein each hydrocarbyl or hydrocarbylene of RA independently is unsubstituted or substituted by from 1 to 5 RAS; each RAS independently is a neutral aprotic heteroalkyl, neutral aprotic heterocycloalkyl, neutral aprotic heteroaryl, or neutral aprotic aryl; when Cr formally is Cr+2, m is 1 and RA is hydrocarbyl (a hydrocarbyl chromium-ligand complex of formula (J)); k is an integer of 0 or 1; D is absent when k is 0 or D is a neutral ligand when k is 1; wherein the chromium-ligand complex of formula (J) is overall neutral and lacks a cyclopentadien

Abstract: A process includes treating a stabilized polyolefin fiber with a boron source followed by heating the fiber to a temperature 1000 degrees Celsius or higher in an inert atmosphere so as to convert the stabilized polyolefin fiber in to a carbon fiber.

Abstract: Provided is a non-cyclopentadienyl-based chromium-ligand complex, preferably a chromium-ligand complex of formula (J): LCr(RA)m(D)k (J), wherein L is a non-Cp monoanionic ligand; Cr (chromium) is in a formal oxidation state of +3 or +2; when Cr formally is Cr+3, either m is 1 and RA is hydrocarbylene (a hydrocarbylene chromium-ligand complex of formula (J)) or m is 2 and each RA independently is hydrocarbyl (a dihydrocarbyl chromium-ligand complex of formula (J)), wherein each hydrocarbyl or hydrocarbylene of RA independently is unsubstituted or substituted by from 1 to 5 RAS; each RAS independently is a neutral aprotic heteroalkyl, neutral aprotic heterocycloalkyl, neutral aprotic heteroaryl, or neutral aprotic aryl; when Cr formally is Cr+2, m is 1 and RA is hydrocarbyl (a hydrocarbyl chromium-ligand complex of formula (J)); k is an integer of 0 or 1; D is absent when k is 0 or D is a neutral ligand when k is 1; wherein the chromium-ligand complex of formula (J) is overall neutral and lacks a cyclopentadien

Abstract: Provided is a non-cyclopentadienyl-based chromium-ligand complex, preferably a chromium-ligand complex of formula (J): LCr(RA)m(D)k (J), wherein L is a non-Cp monoanionic ligand; Cr (chromium) is in a formal oxidation state of +3 or +2; when Cr formally is Cr+3, either m is 1 and RA is hydrocarbylene (a hydrocarbylene chromium-ligand complex of formula (J)) or m is 2 and each RA independently is hydrocarbyl (a dihydrocarbyl chromium-ligand complex of formula (J)), wherein each hydrocarbyl or hydrocarbylene of RA independently is unsubstituted or substituted by from 1 to 5 RAS; each RAS independently is a neutral aprotic heteroalkyl, neutral aprotic heterocycloalkyl, neutral aprotic heteroaryl, or neutral aprotic aryl; when Cr formally is Cr+2, m is 1 and RA is hydrocarbyl (a hydrocarbyl chromium-ligand complex of formula (J)); k is an integer of 0 or 1; D is absent when k is 0 or D is a neutral ligand when k is 1; wherein the chromium-ligand complex of formula (J) is overall neutral and lacks a cyclopentadien

Abstract: Disclosed here are processes for preparing carbonized polymers (preferably carbon fibers), comprising sulfonating a polymer with a sulfonating agent that comprises SO3 dissolved in a solvent to form a sulfonated polymer; treating the sulfonated polymer with a heated solvent, wherein the temperature of the solvent is at least 95° C.; and carbonizing the resulting product by heating it to a temperature of 500-3000° C. Carbon fibers made according to these methods are also disclosed herein.

Abstract: A process for the telomerization of butadiene comprises reacting 1,3-butadiene and an alkanol, in the presence of a catalyst promoter and an alkoxydimerization catalyst comprising a Group VIII transition metal and a triarylphosphine ligand, which includes one phenyl that is mono-ortho-alkoxy substituted and at least one other phenyl including at least one substituent that withdraws electrons from the phosphorus atom. The product includes an alkoxy-substituted octadiene, which may then be used to produce 1-octene. The catalyst shows improved stability, activity and selectivity toward the alkoxy-substituted octadiene.

Abstract: Disclosed here are processes for preparing carbonized polymers (preferably carbon fibers), comprising sulfonating a polymer with a sulfonating agent that comprises SO3 dissolved in a solvent to form a sulfonated polymer; treating the sulfonated polymer with a heated solvent, wherein the temperature of the solvent is at least 95° C.; and carbonizing the resulting product by heating it to a temperature of 500-3000° C. Carbon fibers made according to these methods are also disclosed herein.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are processes for preparing carbon fibers, comprising: sulfonating a polymer fiber with a sulfonating agent that is fuming sulfuric acid, sulfuric acid, chlorosulfonic acid, or a combination thereof; treating the sulfonated polymer with a heated solvent, wherein the temperature of the heated solvent is at least 95° C.; and carbonizing the resulting product by heating it to a temperature of 501-3000° C. Carbon fibers prepared according to these methods are also disclosed herein.

Abstract: Provided is a non-cyclopentadienyl-based chromium-ligand complex, preferably a chromium-ligand complex of formula (J): LCr(RA)m(D)k (J), wherein L is a non-Cp monoanionic ligand; Cr (chromium) is in a formal oxidation state of +3 or +2; when Cr formally is Cr+3, either m is 1 and RA is hydrocarbylene (a hydrocarbylene chromium-ligand complex of formula (J)) or m is 2 and each RA independently is hydrocarbyl (a dihydrocarbyl chromium-ligand complex of formula (J)), wherein each hydrocarbyl or hydrocarbylene of RA independently is unsubstituted or substituted by from 1 to 5 RAS; each RAS independently is a neutral aprotic heteroalkyl, neutral aprotic heterocycloalkyl, neutral aprotic heteroaryl, or neutral aprotic aryl; when Cr formally is Cr+2, m is 1 and RA is hydrocarbyl (a hydrocarbyl chromium-ligand complex of formula (J)); k is an integer of 0 or 1; D is absent when k is 0 or D is a neutral ligand when k is 1; wherein the chromium-ligand complex of formula (J) is overall neutral and lacks a cyclopentadien

Abstract: In an improved process for telomerizing butadiene, contact butadiene and an organic hydroxy compound represented by formula ROH (I), wherein R is a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C20-hydrocarbyl and the organic hydroxy compound is not glycerol, in a reaction fluid in the presence of a palladium catalyst and a phosphine ligand represented by formula PAr3 (II), wherein each Ar is independently a substituted or unsubstituted aryl having a hydrogen atom on at least one ortho position, at least two Ar groups are ortho-hydrocarbyloxyl substituted aryls. The phosphine ligand has a total of two (2), three (3), four (4), five (5), or six (6) substituted or unsubstituted C1-C20-hydrocarbyloxyls, and optionally, any two adjacent substituents on an Ar group can be bonded to form a 5- to 7-membered ring.

Abstract: A process for the telomerization of butadiene comprises reacting 1,3-butadiene and an alkanol, in the presence of a catalyst promoter and an alkoxydimerization catalyst comprising a Group VIII transition metal and a triarylphosphine ligand, which includes one phenyl that is mono-ortho-alkoxy substituted and at least one other phenyl including at least one substituent that withdraws electrons from the phosphorus atom. The product includes an alkoxy-substituted octadiene, which may then be used to produce 1-octene. The catalyst shows improved stability, activity and selectivity toward the alkoxy-substituted octadiene.

Abstract: An olefin metathesis process for converting a reactant olefin or a mixture of reactant olefins into one or more product olefins that are different from the reactant olefin(s). The process employs a catalyst system containing a carbene-generating agent and a bimetallic ruthenium complex comprising one or more ?-hydrido bridging ligands, and optionally containing di(t-butyl)phosphine. The catalyst system is advantageously active at process temperatures greater than 90° C. Cyclization metathesis and ring-opening polymerization metathesis are preferred olefin metathesis processes.

Abstract: In an improved process for telomerizing butadiene, contact butadiene and an organic hydroxy compound represented by formula ROH (I), wherein R is a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C20-hydrocarbyl and the organic hydroxy compound is not glycerol, in a reaction fluid in the presence of a palladium catalyst and a phosphine ligand represented by formula PAr3 (II), wherein each Ar is independently a substituted or unsubstituted aryl having a hydrogen atom on at least one ortho position, at least two Ar groups are ortho-hydrocarbyloxyl substituted aryls. The phosphine ligand has a total of two (2), three (3), four (4), five (5), or six (6) substituted or unsubstituted C1-C20-hydrocarbyloxyls, and optionally, any two adjacent substituents on an Ar group can be bonded to form a 5- to 7-membered ring.

Abstract: An olefin metathesis process for converting a reactant olefin or a mixture of reactant olefins into one or more product olefins that are different from the reactant olefin(s). The process employs a catalyst system containing a carbene-generating agent and a bimetallic ruthenium complex comprising one or more ?-hydrido bridging ligands, and optionally containing di(t-butyl)phosphine. The catalyst system is advantageously active at process temperatures greater than 90° C. Cyclization metathesis and ring-opening polymerization metathesis are preferred olefin metathesis processes.

Abstract: Metal complexes comprising a polydentate chelating group, catalysts and polymerization processes using the same for the polymerization of olefins, especially propylene, are disclosed.

Abstract: A metal complex corresponding to the formula (1) or (2) wherein: M is titanium, zirconium, or hafnium in the +4, +3, or +2 oxidation state; Y1 and Y2 are independently NR1, PR1, S, O, or an anionic, cyclic or non-cyclic, ligand group containing delocalized &pgr;-electrons; Z is boron, aluminium, gallium or indium.

Abstract: Novel metal complexes containing at least two heteroatoms attached to an indenyl or substituted indenyl radical which is bridged by ligand group thereby forming a covalent or coordinate/covalent bond to the metal, the use of such metal complexes in the formation of polymerization catalysts and processes for polymerizing &agr;-olefins using such catalysts.

Abstract: Biscyclopentadienyl, Group 4 transition metal complexes formed with conjugated dienes wherein the diene is bound to the transition metal either in the form of a &sgr;-complex or a &pgr;-complex in combination with strong Lewis acids, Bronsted acid salts, carbenium ion salts, salts containing a cationic oxidizing agent, or subjected to bulk electrolysis in the presence of compatible, inert non-coordinating anions form catalysts for polymerizing olefins, diolefins and/or acetylenically unsaturated monomers.

Abstract: A Group 4 transition metal complex containing a gallium or indium bridging group containing an electron donating group, especially an amido group, linking two groups which may be &pgr;-bonding groups or electron donating groups.

Abstract: The subject invention is directed to an olefin polymer produced by polymerizing at least one &agr;-olefin in the presence of a Group 4 metal complex comprising an indenyl group substituted in the 2 or 3 position with at least one group selected from hydrocarbyl, perfluoro-substituted hydrocarbyl, silyl, germyl and mixtures thereof, said indenyl group further being covalently bonded to the metal by means of a divalent ligand group, wherein the divalent ligand comprises nitrogen or phosphorus having an aliphatic or alicyclic hydrocarby group covalently bonded thereto via a primary or secondary carbon. Preferred olefin polymers of the invention will be characterized as having a high molecular weight, narrow molecular weight distribution, high vinyl content, and a bimodal DSC melting curve or a deconvoluted ATREF or GPC curve which shows at least two distinct narrow peaks.