Abstract: A method of determining a passive Round Trip Time, RTT, delay in a telecommunications system for exchanging data packets in accordance with a data transmission protocol between a first device and a second device. The first and second devices are identified by first and second device identifications, respectively. The data packets include an address part including a source address and a destination address. The method is performed in a node by modifying the address part of a received data packet from the first device, and creating a first timestamp before transmitting the modified data packet to the second device. Upon receiving, at the node, from the second device in response to the modified data packet, a data packet having the modified address part of the modified data packet, the node creates a second timestamp that provides for passively measuring the RTT delay.

Abstract: method of operating a user plane function UPF node of a core network CN for a communication network is provided. An association message is transmitted to a session management function SMF node of the CN. The association message includes an indication that the UPF node supports a capability to modify session traffic in response to a handover. A session establishment request message is received from the SMF node. The session establishment request message includes an indication to modify session traffic of a protocol data unit PDU session for the communication device in response to handover. Methods relating to session management function SMF nodes and policy control function PCF nodes are also provided.

Abstract: Systems and methods for providing Network Address Translation (NAT) are provided. In some embodiments, a method of operating a function entity configured to support NAT includes enabling a Control Plane (CP) function to instruct a User Plane (UP) function to apply a NAT function for at least one specific service data flow. In this way, one or more benefits result such as: introducing a mechanism allowing CP function to instruct UP function to perform NAT function for one or more service data flow(s); when CP and UP function are separated, using NAT function can protect a private network from potential unlawful incursion, and delaying NAT IP address and port allocation and withdrawal at the service initiation and termination can save the public IP address space. Also, one or more improvements such as allowing the network operator to support NAT policies in the context of 4G/5G networks supporting CUPS are disclosed.

Abstract: A method of determining a passive Round Trip Time, RTT, delay in a telecommunications system for exchanging data packets in accordance with a data transmission protocol between a first device and a second device. The first and second devices are identified by first and second device identifications, respectively. The data packets include an address part including a source address and a destination address. The method is performed in a node by modifying the address part of a received data packet from the first device, and creating a first timestamp before transmitting the modified data packet to the second device. Upon receiving, at the node, from the second device in response to the modified data packet, a data packet having the modified address part of the modified data packet, the node creates a second timestamp that provides for passively measuring the RTT delay.

Abstract: A method of determining a passive Round Trip Time, RTT, delay in a telecommunications system for exchanging data packets in accordance with a data transmission protocol between a first device and a second device. The first and second devices are identified by first and second device identifications, respectively. The data packets include an address part including a source address and a destination address. The method is performed in a node by modifying the address part of a received data packet from the first device, and creating a first timestamp before transmitting the modified data packet to the second device. Upon receiving, at the node, from the second device in response to the modified data packet, a data packet having the modified address part of the modified data packet, the node creates a second timestamp that provides for passively measuring the RTT delay.

Abstract: A method of determining a passive Round Trip Time, RTT, delay in a telecommunications system (1) for exchanging data packets (2a-2d) in accordance with a data transmission protocol between a first device (4) and a second device (6). The first device (4) identified by a first device identification, and the second device (6), identified by a second device identification. The data packets (2a-2d) comprising an address part (3) including a source address and a destination address. The method performed in a node (5) by modifying the address part (3) of a received data packet (2a) from a the first device (4), and creating a first timestamp, before transmitting the modified data packet (2b) to the second device (6). Upon receiving, at the node (5), from the second device (6) in response to the modified data packet (2b), a data packet (2c) having the modified address part (3) of the modified data packet (2b), creating a second timestamp at the node (5) provides for passively measuring the RTT delay.

Abstract: At least one identifier classifies a data packet flow of data packets between an originator and the recipient. A confidence level value of the at least one identifier specifies a confidence degree with which the at least one identifier is determined.

Abstract: At least one identifier classifies a data packet flow of data packets between an originator and the recipient. A confidence level value of the at least one identifier specifies a confidence degree with which the at least one identifier is determined.