Abstract: The present invention includes an optical waveguide with a grating and a method of making the same for increasing the effectiveness of the grating. In one example, the grating is at least partially covered by a liner layer disposed on at least a portion of a grating; and a cover layer disposed on the liner layer, wherein a first material selected for the core and ridges and a second material selected for the liner layer are selected to provide a difference in the index of refraction between the first and second material that is sufficient to provide a contrast therebetween.

Abstract: The present invention includes an optical waveguide with a grating and a method of making the same for increasing the effectiveness of the grating. In one example, the grating is at least partially covered by a liner layer disposed on at least a portion of a grating; and a cover layer disposed on the liner layer, wherein a first material selected for the core and ridges and a second material selected for the liner layer are selected to provide a difference in the index of refraction between the first and second material that is sufficient to provide a contrast therebetween.

Abstract: The present invention includes an optical waveguide with a grating and a method of making the same for increasing the effectiveness of the grating. In one example, the grating is at least partially covered by a liner layer disposed on at least a portion of a grating; and a cover layer disposed on the liner layer, wherein a first material selected for the core and ridges and a second material selected for the liner layer are selected to provide a difference in the index of refraction between the first and second material that is sufficient to provide a contrast therebetween.

Abstract: The present invention includes an optical waveguide with a grating and a method of making the same for increasing the effectiveness of the grating. In one example, the grating is at least partially covered by a liner layer disposed on at least a portion of a grating; and a cover layer disposed on the liner layer, wherein a first material selected for the core and ridges and a second material selected for the liner layer are selected to provide a difference in the index of refraction between the first and second material that is sufficient to provide a contrast therebetween.

Abstract: The present invention includes an optical waveguide with a grating and a method of making the same for increasing the effectiveness of the grating. In one example, the grating is at least partially covered by a liner layer disposed on at least a portion of a grating; and a cover layer disposed on the liner layer, wherein a first material selected for the core and ridges and a second material selected for the liner layer are selected to provide a difference in the index of refraction between the first and second material that is sufficient to provide a contrast therebetween.

Abstract: The present invention includes an optical waveguide with a grating and a method of making the same for increasing the effectiveness of the grating. In one example, the grating is at least partially covered by a liner layer disposed on at least a portion of a grating; and a cover layer disposed on the liner layer, wherein a first material selected for the core and ridges and a second material selected for the liner layer are selected to provide a difference in the index of refraction between the first and second material that is sufficient to provide a contrast therebetween.

Abstract: Laser diodes are formed with an outcoupling grating between two separate distributed Bragg reflectors. The devices have gain regions located between the reflector gratings for pumping the active region. The outcoupling grating couples light out of the waveguide normal to the surface if the grating spacings are equal to an integer number of wavelengths of the light within the cavity. If the gratings are not such an integer number, the light is coupled out of the cavity off the normal.

Abstract: Laser diodes are formed with an outcoupling grating between two separate distributed Bragg reflectors. The devices have gain regions located between the reflector gratings for pumping the active region. The outcoupling grating couples light out of the waveguide normal to the surface if the grating spacings are equal to an integer number of wavelengths of the light within the cavity. If the gratings are not such an integer number, the light is coupled out of the cavity off the normal.

Abstract: An electronic/photonic integrated circuit in which grating-outcoupled surface-emitting lasers are used both to provide external emission out of the plane of the chip (through gratings), and also to feed optical power into photonic waveguides parallel to the plane of the chip. Transistors are fabricated in a common multilayer semiconductor body with the lasers.

Abstract: An electronic/photonic integrated circuit in which grating-outcoupled surface-emitting lasers are used both to provide external emission out of the plane of the chip (through gratings), and also to feed optical power into photonic waveguides parallel to the plane of the chip. Transistors are fabricated in a common multilayer semiconductor body with the lasers.

Abstract: Two or more laser diodes are combined by crossing their cavities, and the multiple lasers share a common outcoupling aperture. By controlling the quantum wells in the active region, crosstalk between the devices can be eliminated. The multiple devices can also be made to crosstalk, and can be made coherent with respect to one another by mixing enough photons to phase lock the devices.

Abstract: An array of VCSELs is made to operate coherently by coupling light to and from all elements with a common waveguide. The common waveguide can be fabricated on the wafer or separately, and allows enough optical power to mix between the individual lasers for phase-locking to occur.

Abstract: An electronic/photonic integrated circuit in which grating-outcoupled surface-emitting lasers are used both to provide external emission out of the plane of the chip (through gratings), and also to feed optical power into photonic waveguides parallel to the plane of the chip. Transistors are fabricated in a common multilayer semiconductor body with the lasers.

Abstract: An electronic/photonic integrated circuit in which grating-outcoupled surface-emitting lasers are used both to provide external emission out of the plane of the chip (through gratings), and also to feed optical power into photonic waveguides parallel to the plane of the chip. Transistors are fabricated in a common multilayer semiconductor body with the lasers.

Abstract: An array of VCSELs is made to operate coherently by coupling light to and from all elements with a common waveguide. The common waveguide can be fabricated on the wafer or separately, and allows enough optical power to mix between the individual lasers for phase-locking to occur.

Abstract: Two or more laser diodes are combined by crossing their cavities, and the multiple lasers share a common outcoupling aperture. By controlling the quantum wells in the active region, crosstalk between the devices can be eliminated. The multiple devices can also be made to crosstalk, and can be made coherent with respect to one another by mixing enough photons to phase lock the devices.

Abstract: Laser diodes are formed with an outcoupling grating between two separate distributed Bragg reflectors. The devices have gain regions located between the reflector gratings for pumping the active region. The outcoupling grating couples light out of the waveguide normal to the surface if the grating spacings are equal to an integer number of wavelengths of the light within the cavity. If the gratings are not such an integer number, the light is coupled out of the cavity off the normal.

Abstract: A first array of laser diode devices are optically coupled by a diffraction grating comprising a plurality of spaced diffraction nodules in a grid array optically coupled to the devices. The light emitted from a device of the first array can pass through the grid array to a second device, reflect back to the emitting device in a Distributed Bragg Reflector (DBR) mode and deflect orthogonal to the emitted light optical axis to a third device in a Distributed Bragg Deflector (DBD) mode. The light from the second and third devices can be coupled to other laser diode devices by still further diffraction nodule arrays to produce phased-locked beams; beam steering of portions of the light and other effects.