Abstract: Provided herein, in one aspect, is a method of preventing or delaying the onset of clinical type 1 diabetes (T1D), comprising: providing a non-diabetic subject who is at risk for T1D; determining that the non-diabetic subject (1) is substantially free of antibodies against zinc transporter 8 (ZnT8), (2) is HLA-DR4+, and/or (3) is not HLA-DR3+; and administering a prophylactically effective amount of an anti-CD3 antibody to the non-diabetic subject.

Abstract: Provided herein, in one aspect, is a method of preventing or delaying the onset of clinical type 1 diabetes (T1D), comprising: providing a non-diabetic subject who is at risk for T1D; determining that the non-diabetic subject (1) is substantially free of antibodies against zinc transporter 8 (ZnT8), (2) is HLA-DR4+, and/or (3) is not HLA-DR3+; and administering a prophylactically effective amount of an anti-CD3 antibody to the non-diabetic subject.

Abstract: Provided herein, in one aspect, is a method of preventing or delaying the onset of clinical type 1 diabetes (T1D), comprising: providing a non-diabetic subject who is at risk for T1D; determining that the non-diabetic subject (1) is substantially free of antibodies against zinc transporter 8 (ZnT8), (2) is HLA-DR4+, and/or (3) is not HLA-DR3+; and administering a prophylactically effective amount of an anti-CD3 antibody to the non-diabetic subject.

Abstract: A method of treating human or animal patients suffering from insulin resistance syndromes, particularly diabetes mellitus, by administering an effective amount of the compound magnesium vanadate. Daily dosage ranges are preferably from about 2 to about 60 mg per kg of patient body weight. Pharmaceutical compositions for use in the method of treatment include magnesium vanadate and at least one pharmaceutically acceptable inert ingredient, and may be oral, parenteral, transdermal or transmucosal dosage forms containing from about 50 to about 1000 mg of magnesium vanadate per unit.