Abstract: Novel methods and compositions for DNA sequencing are provided. The methods described herein are useful for sequencing homopolymeric regions of DNA. The methods also prevent the accumulation of mistakes and inefficiencies in the sequencing reaction.

Abstract: Miniaturized, high-density, bead-based arrays are provided. Methods of producing and using clonal beads and producing and using miniaturized, high density, bead-based arrays are also provided.

Abstract: This invention pertains to methods of imparting information onto nucleic acid sequences. In specific embodiments, the present invention provides site-specific recombinase systems and error-prone polymerase systems to alter nucleotide sequences such as DNA and mini-genomes, as well as for the production of microarrays. The present invention also provides methods of analyzing the modified nucleotides sequences provided herein. Methods of engineering and screening for novel modified polymerases that incorporate chain terminating nucleotides and/or labeled nucleotides more efficiently than wild-type polymerases are also provided.