Abstract: An optical inspection apparatus includes a stage that supports a target substrate, the target substrate including a plurality of light emitting elements, a jig that applies an electrical signal to the target substrate, the jig including a regulation resistor, a microscope that generates magnified image data of the target substrate, a camera that captures the magnified image data to generate a color image of the target substrate, and an optical measurement unit that captures the magnified image data of the target substrate to generate a spectrum image and measure optical characteristics of the target substrate.

Abstract: Provided is a method for prevention or treatment of a lysosomal storage disorder, and more particularly, to a method that may exhibit excellent efficacy against various lysosomal storage disorders including Niemann-Pick disease by including graphene quantum dots.

Abstract: Provided is a graphene quantum dot as a therapeutic agent for diseases associated with abnormal fibrillation or aggregation of neuroproteins. The graphene quantum dot according to the presently claimed subject matter suppresses ?-syn fibrillation or disaggregates already formed ?-syn fibrils, and shows the working effect of passing through the blood brain barrier (BBB). Therefore, the graphene quantum dot according to the presently claimed subject matter can be advantageously used as a therapeutic agent for diseases associated with abnormal fibrillation and aggregation of neuroproteins, such as neurodegenerative diseases, inflammatory diseases, and metabolic diseases.

Abstract: Provided are semiconductor devices having various line widths and a method of manufacturing the semiconductor device. The semiconductor device includes: a substrate including a first region and a second region, a plurality of first gate lines extending in a first direction in the first region and each having a first width in a second; a plurality of second gate lines extending in the first direction in the second region and each having a second width that is different from the first width in the second direction and a pitch that is the same as a pitch of the plurality of first gate lines; a spacer layer covering opposite side walls of each of the plurality of first gate lines and each of the plurality of second gate lines; and a first base layer arranged between the substrate and the spacer layer in the first region.

Abstract: A semiconductor device includes a substrate with a NMOS region and a PMOS region, a device isolation layer on the substrate to define active fins, and gate patterns on the substrate to have a length direction crossing the active fins, wherein the device isolation layer includes diffusion brake regions between respective pairs of the active fins, the diffusion brake regions being disposed adjacent to each other in a width direction of the gate patterns, and wherein a width of the diffusion brake region in the NMOS region is different from a width of the diffusion brake region in the PMOS region.

Abstract: Provided are semiconductor devices having various line widths and a method of manufacturing the semiconductor device. The semiconductor device includes: a substrate including a first region and a second region, a plurality of first gate lines extending in a first direction in the first region and each having a first width in a second; a plurality of second gate lines extending in the first direction in the second region and each having a second width that is different from the first width in the second direction and a pitch that is the same as a pitch of the plurality of first gate lines; a spacer layer covering opposite side walls of each of the plurality of first gate lines and each of the plurality of second gate lines; and a first base layer arranged between the substrate and the spacer layer in the first region.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a pharmaceutical composition for preventing or treating neurodegenerative diseases, the pharmaceutical composition including a graphene nanostructure as an active ingredient.

Abstract: Provided are semiconductor devices having various line widths and a method of manufacturing the semiconductor device. The semiconductor device includes: a substrate including a first region and a second region, a plurality of first gate lines extending in a first direction in the first region and each having a first width in a second; a plurality of second gate lines extending in the first direction in the second region and each having a second width that is different from the first width in the second direction and a pitch that is the same as a pitch of the plurality of first gate lines; a spacer layer covering opposite side walls of each of the plurality of first gate lines and each of the plurality of second gate lines; and a first base layer arranged between the substrate and the spacer layer in the first region.

Abstract: Provided are semiconductor devices having various line widths and a method of manufacturing the semiconductor device. The semiconductor device includes: a substrate including a first region and a second region, a plurality of first gate lines extending in a first direction in the first region and each having a first width in a second; a plurality of second gate lines extending in the first direction in the second region and each having a second width that is different from the first width in the second direction and a pitch that is the same as a pitch of the plurality of first gate lines; a spacer layer covering opposite side walls of each of the plurality of first gate lines and each of the plurality of second gate lines; and a first base layer arranged between the substrate and the spacer layer in the first region.

Abstract: A semiconductor device includes a substrate having a first active pattern and a second active pattern, the first active pattern including a first recess region dividing an upper portion thereof into a first portion and a second portion, the second active pattern including a second recess region dividing an upper portion thereof into a first portion and a second portion, a first insulating pattern covering an inner sidewall of the first recess region, and a second insulating pattern covering an inner sidewall of the second recess region. The first insulating pattern and the second insulating pattern include the same insulating material, and a volume fraction of the first insulating pattern with respect to a volume of the first recess region is smaller than a volume fraction of the second insulating pattern with respect to a volume of the second recess region.

Abstract: A semiconductor device includes a substrate with a NMOS region and a PMOS region, a device isolation layer on the substrate to define active fins, and gate patterns on the substrate to have a length direction crossing the active fins, wherein the device isolation layer includes diffusion brake regions between respective pairs of the active fins, the diffusion brake regions being disposed adjacent to each other in a width direction of the gate patterns, and wherein a width of the diffusion brake region in the NMOS region is different from a width of the diffusion brake region in the PMOS region.

Abstract: Semiconductor devices are provided. A semiconductor device includes a first insulating material in a first fin. The semiconductor device includes a second insulating material in a second fin. The first and second insulating materials have different respective sizes. For example, in some embodiments, the first and second insulating materials have different respective widths and/or depths in the first and second fins, respectively.

Abstract: A semiconductor device includes a substrate with a NMOS region and a PMOS region, a device isolation layer on the substrate to define active fins, and gate patterns on the substrate to have a length direction crossing the active fins, wherein the device isolation layer includes diffusion brake regions between respective pairs of the active fins, the diffusion brake regions being disposed adjacent to each other in a width direction of the gate patterns, and wherein a width of the diffusion brake region in the NMOS region is different from a width of the diffusion brake region in the PMOS region.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a pharmaceutical composition for preventing or treating neurodegenerative diseases, the pharmaceutical composition including a graphene nanostructure as an active ingredient.

Abstract: A semiconductor device includes a substrate having a first active pattern and a second active pattern, the first active pattern including a first recess region dividing an upper portion thereof into a first portion and a second portion, the second active pattern including a second recess region dividing an upper portion thereof into a first portion and a second portion, a first insulating pattern covering an inner sidewall of the first recess region, and a second insulating pattern covering an inner sidewall of the second recess region. The first insulating pattern and the second insulating pattern include the same insulating material, and a volume fraction of the first insulating pattern with respect to a volume of the first recess region is smaller than a volume fraction of the second insulating pattern with respect to a volume of the second recess region.

Abstract: An integrated circuit (IC) device includes a fin-type active region formed in a substrate, a step insulation layer on at least one sidewall of the fin-type active region, and a first high-level isolation layer on the at least one sidewall of the fin-type active region. The fin-type active region protrudes from the substrate and extending in a first direction parallel to a main surface of the substrate, includes a channel region having a first conductivity type, and includes the stepped portion. The step insulation layer contacts the stepped portion of the fin-type active region. The step insulation layer is between the first high-level isolation layer and the at least one sidewall of the fin-type active region. The first high-level isolation layer extends in a second direction that is different from the first direction.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a pharmaceutical composition for preventing or treating neurodegenerative diseases, the pharmaceutical composition including a graphene nanostructure as an active ingredient.

Abstract: Semiconductor devices are provided. A semiconductor device includes a first insulating material in a first fin. The semiconductor device includes a second insulating material in a second fin. The first and second insulating materials have different respective sizes. For example, in some embodiments, the first and second insulating materials have different respective widths and/or depths in the first and second fins, respectively.

Abstract: An integrated circuit (IC) device includes a fin-type active region formed in a substrate, a step insulation layer on at least one sidewall of the fin-type active region, and a first high-level isolation layer on the at least one sidewall of the fin-type active region. The fin-type active region protrudes from the substrate and extending in a first direction parallel to a main surface of the substrate, includes a channel region having a first conductivity type, and includes the stepped portion. The step insulation layer contacts the stepped portion of the fin-type active region. The step insulation layer is between the first high-level isolation layer and the at least one sidewall of the fin-type active region. The first high-level isolation layer extends in a second direction that is different from the first direction.

Abstract: A semiconductor device includes a substrate with a NMOS region and a PMOS region, a device isolation layer on the substrate to define active fins, and gate patterns on the substrate to have a length direction crossing the active fins, wherein the device isolation layer includes diffusion brake regions between respective pairs of the active fins, the diffusion brake regions being disposed adjacent to each other in a width direction of the gate patterns, and wherein a width of the diffusion brake region in the NMOS region is different from a width of the diffusion brake region in the PMOS region.