Abstract: A measuring head, in particular a manual device for the determination of photometric data, includes an optical illuminating device with an aspherical mirror having a groove which extends in an annular manner around an axis of rotational symmetry of the groove, and which, in cross-section, has the configuration of an elliptical segment. The measuring optics to detect the light reflected from a measuring spot forms a round measuring spot on an ellipse at the inlet slit of a monochromator, for which a spherical/cylindrical lens, a first glass rod and a second glass rod are used, the glass rods being provided with cylindrical surfaces, the associated cylinder axes of which are crossed with each other.

Abstract: A measuring head for the determination of the optical reflectance properties of color measuring fields co-printed with color sheets includes an optical illuminating device having two Mangin mirrors and an aplanar system located in alignment with the Mangin mirrors in a central opening. The light emitted by a light source and reflected by the measuring area arrives in a glass rod and is fed through an optical measuring device into a light waveguide, through which the reflected light is fed into a spectrometer for spectral analysis.

Abstract: On an essentially non-absorbing plate located in the focal plane of a laser beam to be adjusted, a plurality of marks is arranged in a definite pattern. The marks deflect the laser light incident upon them by refraction, scattering, diffraction or otherwise, and direct the deflected light onto one or several laser detectors. The detectors convert the light received into corresponding electrical signals which may used for the fine adjustment of the laser beam by an evaluating electronic device.