Abstract: Microlithography projection objectives for imaging into an image plane a pattern arranged in an object plane are described with respect to suppressing false light in such projection objectives.

Abstract: Microlithography projection objectives for imaging into an image plane a pattern arranged in an object plane are described with respect to suppressing false light in such projection objectives.

Abstract: Microlithography projection objectives for imaging into an image plane a pattern arranged in an object plane are described with respect to suppressing false light in such projection objectives.

Abstract: Microlithography projection objectives for imaging into an image plane a pattern arranged in an object plane are described with respect to suppressing false light in such projection objectives.

Abstract: Microlithography projection objectives for imaging into an image plane a pattern arranged in an object plane are described with respect to suppressing false light in such projection objectives.

Abstract: Microlithography projection objectives for imaging into an image plane a pattern arranged in an object plane are described with respect to suppressing false light in such projection objectives.

Abstract: A portable reader is arranged to read a card. The card is provided with a set of contact areas. The reader is provided with a connector. The connector is provided with a set of contact pads. The portable reader comprises a first and a second holding elements arranged to hold the card so that at least one contact pad of the set contact pads can be connected to at least one contact area of the set of contact areas. At least the one of the holding elements is arranged to be movable.

Abstract: A portable reader is arranged to read a card. The card is provided with a set of contact areas. The reader is provided with a connector. The connector is provided with a set of contact pads. The portable reader comprises a first and a second holding elements arranged to hold the card so that at least one contact pad of the set contact pads can be connected to at least one contact area of the set of contact areas. At least the one of the holding elements is arranged to be movable.

Abstract: A catadioptric projection lens for projecting a pattern located in an object plane onto an image plane without an intermediate image includes the following components between the object plane and the image plane in the given order: a first lens part for creating a beam that is directed at a physical beam splitter, a physical beam splitter with a beam splitter surface, a mirror group with a concave mirror, and a second lens part with positive focal power to create an image of the pattern on the image plane. The mirror group preferably has no free-standing lens, and the focal power of the mirror group is largely determined by the magnification of the concave mirror. The focal power of the mirror group is large enough to convert the incident divergent beam into a convergent beam. The system aperture is located on the image side behind of the concave mirror, preferably at the exit of the beam splitter.

Abstract: The invention relates to a portable reader (1). The reader is characterized in that it comprises a part (2) for electric connection to the port of a computer, whereby said part (2) exhibits four conduction lines (8, 9, 10, 11) in addition to a part (4) for the insertion of a module (5) which is removable and which can store confidential information, comprising the body (27) of a plastic module which is substantially parallelepipedal and rectangular whereby the dimensions thereof are 25 mm long, 15 mm wide and 0.76 mm thick, further comprising an integrated circuit chip provided with contact pads which are electrically connected to contact pads (28) which are flush with one of the surfaces of said module, whereby the insertion part comprises a connector which has pins which are electrically connected to the electric connection lines of the reader and, when the module (5) is inserted into said reader (1), to the contact pads (28) of said module (5).

Abstract: A catadioptric projection lens for projecting a pattern located in an object plane onto an image plane without an intermediate image includes the following components between the object plane and the image plane in the given order: a first lens part for creating a beam that is directed at a physical beam splitter, a physical beam splitter with a beam splitter surface, a mirror group with a concave mirror, and a second lens part with positive focal power to create an image of the pattern on the image plane. The mirror group preferably has no free-standing lens, and the focal power of the mirror group is largely determined by the magnification of the concave mirror. The focal power of the mirror group is large enough to convert the incident divergent beam into a convergent beam. The system aperture is located on the image side behind of the concave mirror, preferably at the exit of the beam splitter.

Abstract: The bifocal optical system is formed in the long focal length mode by an objective having fixed lenses L1, L2, L3, L4 to which, for obtaining the short focal length, a group of movable lenses L5, L6, L7, L8 is added. The lenses L5, L6, L7 and L8 are accommodated in a holder (MB) which is rotatable around an axis YY' which extends parallel to the optical axis XX', thereby enabling very wide tolerances in the positioning of the movable holder.

Abstract: This varifocal optical system is electro-mechanically controlled to vary focal distance, temperature correction focussing and finite distance focussing. It is constituted by four single lenses (L1, L2, L3 and L4) two of which (L2, L3) are movable and are axially translated to vary the magnification, while only one (L3) of these two lenses is adapted for temperature correction focussing and finite distance focussing. It is also consituted by electro-mechanical member (EMM) which are especially adapted to control the movements of the two movable lenses (L2, L3) in a discrete manner.

Abstract: Device used in aviation for in-flight reception of images corrects distortion resulting from the observation of a field of view through a wall (1) which is transparent in a given spectral band and whose shape distorts the image of the scene formed on a receiver (4). An optical system arranged between the receiver and the wall performs an anamorphotic function in one direction and a deviation function in another direction perpendicular thereto. The deviation function is realized by a single prism formed by two parts (5,6) cemented to one another and which have different refractive indices so as to form an achromatic assembly. The anamorphotic function is obtained by a slight change of the focal length of the receiver in conjunction with the elongation of lines formed by the prism in the direction of the deviation function.

Abstract: Device for correcting the differential distortion resulting from simultaneous observation of a field of view at two distinct locations through a shield transparent in a given spectral band, which shield has a shape generating the distortion when a receiver which is sensitive in the spectral band is arranged at each of the locations. The correction is effected by an optical system arranged between the shield and one or the other receiver and comprising an anamorphic assembly (11, 12) producing an anamorphosis in a first direction associated with an element (13) introducing a curvature in a second direction, while the distortion produced by this system has a direction opposite to the differential distortion.

Abstract: A sight comprises an image carrier (D) presenting an exit aperture (P3) and forming, from an observed image (I), an intermediate image (I') at the focus (F) of an ocular comprised of a spherical mirror (M) with the same optical axis (XX') as that of the image carrier (D), with a holographic beam deflection element (H) being placed at the focus (F) of the spherical mirror (M). In accordance with the invention, the intermediate image (I') is formed on the focal surface (S) of the ocular, and the holographic beam deflection element (H) is disposed on a support resting on the focal surface (S) and, in association with the spherical mirror (M), conjugates stigmatically the exit aperture (P3) of the image carrier (D) with the exit aperture (P1) of the sight.

Abstract: A time base generator is adapted to deliver a first and a second clock signal whose frequencies are fixed and in a ratio equal to a predetermined multiple. A forward counter counts the number of pulses of the second clock signal produced between two successive pulses of an input signal. A first buffer memory stores that number during the next counting period of the forward counter. A backward counter counts down number stored in the buffer memory in synchronism with the first clock signal. A first gate produces an output pulse at the end of each count-down of said number by the backward counter and applies that output pulse to the backward counter to control a new countdown of said number. By using as input signal the signal of a pick-up delivering one pulse per revolution of a rotating member, one obtains an angular coding of the rotation of this member. The apparatus may be used for controlling the ignition advance angle of an internal combustion engine.