Abstract: A cyclone separator that collects entrained solid particles from a gas stream, comprising a cylindrical body, an inlet duct connected to the body, and a gas outlet tube connected to the body at its upper end. The ratio of the distance between the parallel to a face dropped from the tip of the cyclone separator and the closest point of the gas outlet tube to the internal diameter of the body is at least 0.1, as measured at the lower extremity of the gas outlet tube. The ratio of the inlet duct area, measured at the tip of the cyclone separator and perpendicularly to the face, to the cross-sectional area of the body, is between 0.24 and 0.32. The ratio of the height of the inlet duct to the width of the inlet duct at the tip of the cyclone separator does not exceed 4.

Abstract: A cyclone separator that collects entrained solid particles from a gas stream, comprising a cylindrical body, an inlet duct connected to the body, and a gas outlet tube connected to the body at its upper end. The ratio of the distance between the parallel to a face dropped from the tip of the cyclone separator and the closest point of the gas outlet tube to the internal diameter of the body is at least 0.1, as measured at the lower extremity of the gas outlet tube. The ratio of the inlet duct area, measured at the tip of the cyclone separator and perpendicularly to the face, to the cross-sectional area of the body, is between 0.24 and 0.32. The ratio of the height of the inlet duct to the width of the inlet duct at the tip of the cyclone separator does not exceed 4.

Abstract: A process for using a facility having a first reactor (1) for reducing oxide in which enter a fuel material E1) and metal oxide for providing a reaction of combustion of the fuel material (E1), the first reactor (1) being connected to a second reactor (4) for oxidizing oxide, where the process includes additional oxygen (O) in a gaseous form being injected into the first reactor (1) for reducing oxide and in that the additional oxygen (O) quantity is comprised between 10 and 30% relatively to stoichiometric oxygen for full fuel material (E1) combustion.

Abstract: The invention concerns a process for using a facility in which circulates at least one oxide which is reduced and then oxidized in each of both reactors (1, 4) and including a reactor (1) for reducing oxide in which enter a grounded solid fuel material (E1) and oxide (E2), a lower efficiency separation device (2) receiving entrained solids from the reactor (1) for reducing oxide the upper stream of the solids of the lower efficiency separation device (2) being circulated into a higher efficiency separation device (6), in order to separate the solids from the gases and to re-introduce the solids into the reactor (1) for reducing oxides, a carbon separator (3) installed at the outlet of the lower efficiency separation device (2) in order to send the carbonaceous particles into the reactor (1) for reducing oxide and the oxide into a reactor (4) for oxidizing oxide and a separation device (5) receiving entrained solids from the reactor (4) for oxidizing oxide.

Abstract: A centrifugal separator for separating particles from gas uses a separator chamber having an upper potion with at least three substantially vertical planar walls with perpendicular inner faces, and a lower portion, for defining in the chamber a vertical gas vortex. The gas vortex has an inlet formed in the vicinity of a first corner between the first and second walls for gas to be dedusted, an outlet for dedusted gas, and an outlet for separated particles. The separator uses an acceleration duct with a first transverse section at the first end of the duct that is distinctly greater than a second cross section at the second end. This second end is connected to the inlet for gas to be dedusted at the first corner.

Abstract: The circulating fluidized bed reactor device comprising a reactor chamber delimited horizontally by walls, a centrifugal separator and a back pass for heat recovery The reactor device allows for the introduction of a fluidizing gas into the reactor chamber and for maintaining a fluidized bed of particles in said chambers. The gas to be dedusted is transferred from the reactor chamber into the separator, and the separated particles are discharged from the separator and the dedusted gas is transferred from the separator into the back pass. The reactor chamber and the separator both have a common wall with the back pass.

Abstract: A centrifugal separator (1) for separating particles from gas comprises a separator chamber (10) having an upper portion (12) with at least three substantially vertical planar walls (12A, 12B, 12C) with perpendicular inner faces, and a lower portion (14), means for defining therein in the chamber a vertical gas vortex. that comprise The gas vortex has an inlet (18) for gas to be dedusted formed in the vicinity of a first corner (C1) between said first and second walls for gas to be dedusted, an outlet (22) for dedusted gas. and an outlet (15, 20) for separated particles. The separator comprises an acceleration duct with a first transverse section at the first end of the duct that is distinctly greater than a second cross section at the second end. This second end (15B) is connected to said the inlet for gas to be dedusted at the first corner, while forming an obtuse angle with said the second wall, and is inclined downwardly in a direction towards the separator chamber.

Abstract: The circulating fluidized bed reactor device comprising a reactor chamber (12) delimited horizontally by walls, a centrifugal separator (14) and a back pass (16) for heat recovery, the reactor device comprising means for introducing a fluidizing gas into the reactor chamber and for maintaining a fluidized bed of particles in said chamber, means (24) for transferring gas to be dedusted from the reactor chamber into the separator, means (42) for discharging separated particles from the separator and means for transferring dedusted gas from the separator into the back pass. The reactor chamber and the separator both have a common wall with the back pass.

Abstract: Smoke inlet trunking for a cyclone separator has two lateral faces referred to as an extrados face and an intrados face, the latter terminating at a nose of the cyclone, a ceiling face and a floor face. The intrados face, which connects a point at the start of the trunking to a point at the nose of the cyclone, has a profile such that it includes at least two separate tangents such that one tangent intersects the extrados face at a point upstream of the foot of a perpendicular to the extrados face dropped from the nose of the cyclone. The intrados face begins at the point at the start of the trunking with a first part having a rectilinear profile followed by a second part having a curvilinear profile with a point of inflexion or a second rectilinear part connected to the nose of the cyclone and the point at the start of the trunking is located at an outlet from the furnace.

Abstract: A flue gas inlet duct into a separator cyclone, the duct having two lateral faces one of which is referred to as the “extrados” face and the other of which is referred to as the “intrados” face, the intrados face terminating at the tip of the cyclone, the duct also having a top face and a bottom face, wherein at least one of the intrados face and the extrados face has sloping grooves extending downwards from the outlet of the furnace towards the cyclone separator.

Abstract: A heat exchanger system includes a first heat exchanger followed by a second heat exchanger disposed in a dense fluidized bed, the second heat exchanger being made up of a plurality of nests of tubes disposed along the path of the particles in suspension in the dense fluidized bed. The second heat exchanger is provided with at least two feeds situated on either side of its center, each of the feeds receives a distinct mixture of the input fluid and of the output fluid of the first heat exchanger, so that the temperature of the fluid fed into each of the nests is an increasing function of the distance between it and the inlet via which the particles are fed into the dense fluidized bed.

Abstract: The invention relates to a system for reducing radial leaks in an air heater for thermal equipment, the heater being of the type including a rotor fitted with a plurality of heater elements supported by diaphragms, a stator constituted by a leakproof metal case, and radial sealing means including hinged sector plates positioned over the heater elements together with radial gaskets provided on the diaphragms.

Abstract: A boiler comprising a circulating fluidized bed hearth, a separator member for separating flue gas and solids extracted from the hearth, an external dense fluidized bed between the solids outlet of the separator member and the base of the hearth, the external bed containing a first heat exchanger in which a coolant fluid to be evaporated circulates. The outlet of the first heat exchanger is connected to a second heat exchanger placed in the hearth.

Abstract: A circulating fluidized bed reactor comprising a top zone surrounded by walls provided with heat exchange tubes, the heat exchange tubes being interconnected by fins, and a bottom zone provided with a fluidization grid, a primary air injection device beneath the grid, a secondary air injection device above the grid, and a fuel injection device, the walls surrounding the bottom zone being provided with heat exchange tubes. The walls of the zones are provided with vertical heat exchange panels referred to as "extensions" that extend perpendicularly to the walls of the zones, that are made up of tubes inside the reactor, that are of horizontal width lying in the range 150 mm to 500 mm, and that are spaced apart from one another via a distance lying in the range 1.5 times to 4 times their width, the width being defined as the distance between the inside faces of the fins of the walls and the most distant generator lines of the most distant tubes of the extensions.

Abstract: The reactor includes: a lower zone (I) having a fast circulation fluidized bed; a zone having a dense fluidized bed (13) and located adjacent to the top of the lower zone, being separated therefrom by a dividing wall, the top layer of the dense bed receiving falling particulate materials, and its bottom layer returning these materials to the lower zone (I); and a higher zone having a fast circulation fluidized bed. The invention is applicable to boilers.

Abstract: The reactor includes: a lower zone (I) having a fast circulation fluidized bed; a zone having a dense fluidized bed (13) and located adjacent to the top of the lower zone, being separated therefrom by a dividing wall, the top layer of the dense bed receiving falling particulate materials, and its bottom layer returning these materials to the lower zone (I); and a higher zone having a fast circulation fluidized bed. The invention is applicable to boilers.

Abstract: The lance of the invention includes a sleeve (2A) which conveys air under pressure around a central tube (1) which conveys the pulp that is to be sprayed and dispersed. The wall of this tube is pierced by separation holes (5) to inject a gaseous lining around the pulp, by break-up holes (3) for breaking up said pulp, and by rotation-imparting holes (4) in the vicinity of the outlet (1B) from the lance. The invention is particularly applicable to feeding a boiler with coal powder.

Abstract: Apparatus for cooling the wall of a fluidized bed hearth in a middle join region of generally upsidedown V-shaped vertical right cross-section between the upsidedown truncated pyramid-shaped bottom portions of the furnace above two parallel floors and a top portion of rectangular right cross-section, having a front face and a rear face parallel to the ridge of the upsidedown V-shape and having side faces perpendicular to said ridge, said wall being provided with heat exchanger tubes conveying water or an emulsion of water and steam, wherein the heat exchanger tubes are essentially horizontal and disposed in the flanks of the upsidedown truncated pyramid-shaped lower portions in line with the upsidedown V-shape and open out into tubes lining the side faces perpendicular to the ridge thereof. This makes it possible to perform cooling by natural circulation.

Abstract: A support or fixing device for pipework having walls which are thin relative to its diameter and subjected to large temperature variations and to radial forces. The device comprises: (a) support cradles (2A, 2B, 2C, 2D) having an internal profile whose radius of curvature is close to that of the pipework; (b) a rigid half-collar (7) disposed around and spaced from the periphery of the pipework, and having some of the cradles fixed thereto; (c) two arms (5A, 5B) hinged at their ends to the half-collar and having others of the cradles fixed thereto; and (d) a flexible arm clamping device (9) resiliently applying the cradles against the pipework, independently of expansions and radial forces applied to the pipework.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a device for supporting a pipe (1) which has a low thickness in relation to its diameter and which is subjected to considerable variations in temperature and to a radial traction stress of a known direction. It comprises:(a) support cradles (2A, 2B, 2C, 2D) having an internal profile with a curve radius close to that of the pipe;(b) a rigid half-collar (7) arranged around the pipe and separated from its periphery and on which certain of the cradles are fixed;(c) two articulated arms (5A, 5B) on the ends of the half-collar and on which the other cradles are fixed; and(d) a connection device (9A, 9B, 10, 11) formed by two other arms (9A, 9B) which are articulated on the one hand on the above-mentioned arms and on the other hand on pivot pin (10) on which is exerted the radial traction stress applying tightening on the pipe under the force of radial traction (F) applied to the pipe and independently of the expansion of the pipe.