Abstract: A device attenuates an electromagnetic pulse generated in an installation in which a high-power laser beam is sent to a target mounted on a target support. The device includes an electrically conductive plate, electrically connected to an electric earth of the installation and to which the target support is fixed, a plate of material which absorbs electromagnetic waves fixed to one face of the electrically conductive plate located on the target support side and a device for passing a discharge current, which is the result of an interaction of the laser beam with the target, between the target and the electrically conductive plate, where the device for passing the discharge current is equipped with a device for attenuating the current.

Abstract: A method of synthesising an amino acid from an unsaturated fatty compound I that includes at least the following steps: cross-metathesis with a short unsaturated compound II, one of compounds I or II comprising a nitrile function and the other of these compounds II or I an ester function, so as to obtain and recover at least one monounsaturated nitrile ester NEU; hydrolysis of the NEU in unsaturated acid nitrile NAU; hydrogenation of the NAU to saturated amino acid AA; and then purification of the AA, if applicable, in particular by crystallisation. Also, a polymer obtained by polymerisation using the amino acid synthesised according to the method.

Abstract: The invention relates to a novel method for the continuous production of anionic polymers by radical polymerization. The polymers produced by said method have a controlled molecular weight.

Abstract: A chemical reactor including: a plurality of heat exchange plates which between them define reaction compartments, in which reactor each heat exchange plate includes two walls between them defining at least one heat exchange space, the respective walls being fixed together by joining regions, and the reactor also comprises at least one injection device for injecting substance into the reaction compartments, said substance-injection device passing through the heat-exchange plates in respective joining regions thereof. Also, a chemical reaction process that can be carried out in this reactor.

Abstract: The subject matter of the present invention is a process for direct synthesis of (meth)acrolein from a reactive mixture comprising at least one compound chosen from ethers, acetals or hemiacetals derived from linear alcohols comprising from 1 to 3 carbon atoms. Examples of compounds are dimethyl ether, diethyl ether, methyl ethyl ether, dimethoxymethane, diethoxymethane, dipropoxymethane, 1,1-dimethoxyethane or 1,1-diethoxyethane. The process of the invention comprises two successive phases: oxidation then aldol condensation, which can be carried out in the presence of a solid oxidation catalyst chosen from molybdenum-based catalysts and optionally of an aldol condensation catalyst. These two phases are carried out in a reaction system comprising a single reactor or optionally two reactors in cascade.

Abstract: A process for the manufacture of copolymers of ethylene and of at least one vinyl ester, including the following steps: a) fermentation of renewable starting materials so as to produce at least one alcohol comprising ethanol; b) dehydration of the alcohol obtained so as to produce at least one alkene comprising ethylene and, optionally, purification of the alkene so as to obtain ethylene, c) copolymerization of the ethylene with at least one vinyl ester, d) isolation of the copolymer obtained. Also, the copolymers of ethylene and of at least one vinyl ester in which the ethylene is at least partly obtained from renewable starting materials, and to uses thereof.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device (1) for evaluation of at least one performance criterion of heterogeneous catalysts, comprising; at least one reactant source (2), at least one reaction zone equipped with at least one catalyst and connected to at least one reactant source (2) in such a way as to produce, in each reaction zone, a heterogeneous catalytic reaction between each catalyst present in the reaction zone and the reactant or reactants coming from each reactant source (2) connected to the reaction zone, and means for evaluation of at least one performance criterion of heterogeneous catalysts, characterized in that the device (1) further comprises a gas chromatograph and in that each reaction zone (9) is situated in an injector (8) of the gas chromatograph.

Abstract: A peroxide solution of organic peroxide in an organic solvent, including at least one peroxide in a solvent, the solvent having a hydrophobic alcohol wherein the main carbonated chain having the alcohol function includes at least six carbon atoms, the solution also including a second, hydrophilic alcohol solvent representing a maximum of 15% wt. % of the solution. Also, a thermohardenable composition including said solution, and a method and a use relating to the composition.

Abstract: The subject matter of the present invention is a process for direct synthesis of (meth)acrolein from a reactive mixture comprising at least one compound chosen from ethers, acetals or hemiacetals derived from linear alcohols comprising from 1 to 3 carbon atoms. Examples of compounds are dimethyl ether, diethyl ether, methyl ethyl ether, dimethoxymethane, diethoxymethane, dipropoxymethane, 1,1-dimethoxyethane or 1,1-diethoxyethane. The process of the invention comprises two successive phases: oxidation then aldol condensation, which can be carried out in the presence of a solid oxidation catalyst chosen from molybdenum-based catalysts and optionally of an aldol condensation catalyst. These two phases are carried out in a reaction system comprising a single reactor or optionally two reactors in cascade.

Abstract: A process for preparing a catalyst, including the reactive milling of a first reagent, which is a chromium oxide compound, with a second reagent, which is a compound of the formula MzM?1-zOxFy, M and M? each being an element having an oxidation state greater than or equal to 0, z being from 0 to 1, x being from 0 to 3, y being from 0 to 6, and 2x+y being greater than 0 and less than or equal to 6.

Abstract: A method for the combined synthesis of a mono-unsaturated nitrile-ester(acid) and of a bi-functional carbonyl compound, wherein it includes a step including the cross metathesis mc1 of an unsaturated fatty acid/ester compound with an unsaturated nitrile compound, in which mc1 is performed with partial conversion such as to obtain and recover, separately, at least the following products: a mono-unsaturated nitrile-ester/acid and a symmetrical compound, diester or diacid respectively including a double bond located in the middle of the molecular chain of compound, and subsequently a step including the oxidation cleavage cp2 of the double bond of compound, such as to form a single type of carbonyl compound having formula R2-(CH2)n-COR?, in which R? is H or OH, depending on the operating conditions selected for the oxidation cleavage cp2. Also, the production of monomers for the polymer industry.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an aviation fuel composition comprising an energy providing component that includes 70 to 99.9 vol. % of a hydrocarbon mixture, and 0.1 to 30 vol. % of an alcohol component selected from the group consisting of one or more Guerbet alcohols, having a number or mean value of number of carbon atoms, respectively, of equal to or less than 12, and optionally one or more aviation fuel additives. The invention further relates to a method for manufacturing the aviation fuel composition.

Abstract: A process for the synthesis of an unsaturated product by cross metathesis between a first unsaturated compound having at least 8 carbon atoms and a second unsaturated compound having less than 8 carbon atoms, the first unsaturated compound being capable of producing an unsaturated coproduct comprising more than 14 carbon atoms, by homometathesis, said process including at least one production phase which includes: feeding a reactor with the first unsaturated compound; feeding the reactor with the second unsaturated compound; feeding the reactor with at least a first metathesis catalysts, then feeding the reactor with at least a second metathesis catalyst; withdrawing a product stream arising from the reactor; the turnover number of the first catalyst being higher than the turnover number of the second catalyst so as to achieve the same target degree of conversion of the first unsaturated compound.

Abstract: The invention relates to a diesel biofuel consisting of a mixture of naturally occurring fatty acid esters and containing an ester of ?-unsaturated acids having a chain with 11 or 13 carbon atoms or corresponding saturated acids. The invention also relates to a method for producing such a biofuel.

Abstract: A catalytic reactor including a chamber (1) and separation means (2) arranged inside the chamber (1), said separation means defining at least one reaction area (3) and at least one regeneration area (4), the reaction area (3) being supplied with a reaction flow (15, 16) and connected, at the outlet thereof, to a first gas tapping device (13), the regeneration area (4) being supplied with a regeneration flow (17) and connected, at the outlet thereof, to a second gas tapping device (10), the reactor being suitable for including a fluidized bed of catalyst particles (5) in the reaction area (3), the separation means (2) enabling the catalyst particles to pass from the reaction area (3) to the regeneration area (4), and the reactor making it possible to move catalyst particles into the regeneration area (4) so as to enable the return thereof to the reaction area (3).

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for the synthesis of a branched unsaturated fatty compound, said method comprising the metathesis, in the presence of a metathesis catalyst, of a linear unsaturated fatty compound and a branched olefin. The branched unsaturated fatty compound is used in particular for the production of at least one of the following products: dielectric fluids, specialty surfactants, emulsifiers, frictions agents, antistatic additives, antifogging additives, mould release agents, pigment dispersants, high-performance lubricants, waxes and wax emulsifiers, polymer conversion additives, PVC stabilizing agents, inks, resins, paints, varnishes, solvents, lipsticks, creams for the skin, deodorants, particularly stick deodorants, hair dyes, shampoos and other liquid soaps, shaving foam, laundry detergents, cleaning agents, fabric softeners, and mixtures of same.

Abstract: A process for synthesizing a product of formula Br—(CH2)n—R by hydrobromination, by reacting: a reagent of formula (I) R1-CH?CH—R2 in which R1 and R2, identical or different, are chosen from H or an alkyl radical comprising 1 to 30 carbon atoms, which is saturated or unsaturated, linear or branched, functionalized or non-functionalized, with a molar excess of HBr relative to the reagent of formula (I), in the presence of a radical initiator, and optionally in the presence of at least one solvent, said process including a step A of mixing at least reagent I and the HBr, each of the latter arriving in the form of a flow of liquid into a mixing device dA.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a method for directly synthesizing acrolein or methacrolein from a mixture of methanol and ethanol or propanol. The method of the invention comprises two successive phases: oxidation in the presence of a selective oxidation catalyst of the light alcohols of the feedstock, then condensation by aldolization of the aldehydes formed during oxidation in the presence of a condensation catalyst (aldolization). Alternatively, the two phases can be carried out in the presence of a single catalyst, in particular in the presence of a molybdenum-based selective oxidation catalyst. These two phases can be conducted in a single reactor or in two cascade reactors.

Abstract: A method to synthesize a fatty nitrile/ester aldehyde comprising the following steps: 1) hydroformylation of a ?-unsaturated fatty nitrile/ester/acid substrate under particular conditions of partial pressure, temperature, reaction time, conversion rate of the ?-unsaturated fatty nitrile/ester/acid reactant, catalyst, [substrate]/[metal] molar ratio and [ligand]/[metal] molar ratio so as after the reaction to obtain: a hydroformylation product comprising at least one fatty nitrile/ester/acid aldehyde of formula: OHC—(CH2)r+2—R, and an isomerate comprising at least one fatty nitrile/ester/acid isomer with internal unsaturation in which at least 80% of the internal isomer(s) of the isomerate are formed of the ?-1 unsaturated isomer of formula CH3—CH?CH—(CH2)r?1—R; followed by: 2) separation and recovery of the fatty nitrile/ester/acid aldehyde and of the isomerate.

Abstract: A device attenuates an electromagnetic pulse generated in an installation in which a high-power laser beam is sent to a target mounted on a target support. The device includes an electrically conductive plate, electrically connected to an electric earth of the installation and to which the target support is fixed, a plate of material which absorbs electromagnetic waves fixed to one face of the electrically conductive plate located on the target support side and a device for passing a discharge current, which is the result of an interaction of the laser beam with the target, between the target and the electrically conductive plate, where the device for passing the discharge current is equipped with a device for attenuating the current.