Abstract: A camera module includes a sensor die, a glass plate, peripheral spacer, an optical element, an outer surface having a shoulder extending in a direction substantially parallel to the sensor die, and a metal layer at least partially covering the outer surface. A method of manufacturing a camera module includes providing an assembly including a sensor dice wafer, a spacer wafer in front of the sensor dice wafer, and an optical element wafer in front of the spacer wafer. The method includes sawing a top cut, using a first saw blade of a first thickness, proceeding in a direction from the optical element wafer toward the sensor dice wafer, stopping before the sensor dice wafer is reached, and sawing a bottom cut, using a second saw blade of a second thickness, proceeding in a direction from the sensor dice wafer toward the optical element wafer.

Abstract: A camera module includes a sensor die, a glass plate, peripheral spacer, an optical element, an outer surface having a shoulder extending in a direction substantially parallel to the sensor die, and a metal layer at least partially covering the outer surface. A method of manufacturing a camera module includes providing an assembly including a sensor dice wafer, a spacer wafer in front of the sensor dice wafer, and an optical element wafer in front of the spacer wafer. The method includes sawing a top cut, using a first saw blade of a first thickness, proceeding in a direction from the optical element wafer toward the sensor dice wafer, stopping before the sensor dice wafer is reached, and sawing a bottom cut, using a second saw blade of a second thickness, proceeding in a direction from the sensor dice wafer toward the optical element wafer.

Abstract: An improved digital cut-off control loop for black level adjustment in a video processor for controlling RGB output signals. The improved circuit advantageously provides a higher resolution of the black level adjustment, and a short cut-off convergence time when the TV set is switched on. The improved circuit can also blank the RGB output when the cut-off control loop has not converged to the correct level.

Abstract: A method for attaching a sensor and a housing to opposite sides of a mounting substrate is provided. The sensor has a sensing face that includes a sensing area and at least one signal output contact thereon. The mounting substrate has a circuitry face and at least one signal input contact thereon. The mounting substrate also has an opening therethrough. The method includes positioning the sensing area over the opening so that the at least one signal output contact of the sensor makes contact with the at least one signal input contact of the mounting substrate. The mounting substrate receives the housing so that the housing and the sensor are in alignment.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a transmission circuit of an audio/video data bus that includes a clamp connected between first and second output terminals of the transmission circuit; biasing networks for respectively biasing the output terminals during one operational mode of the transmission circuit; and switched biasing networks for respectively biasing the output terminals during a second operational mode of the transmission circuit; the switched biasing networks being controlled by a digital input signal, wherein a circuit is provided for protecting the clamp from short circuit connections to the transmission circuits voltage supply rails.

Abstract: A device for switching a read head from a write mode to a read mode includes a voltage ramp generating circuit, generating and outputting a voltage ramp after a write operation; a variable current source for discharging an initial current of the read head, wherein a current output by the current source is controlled proportionally to the slope between the beginning of the voltage ramp and a first threshold of the ramp, the current source having an initial maximum value higher than the initial current of the head; and an accentuating circuit for accentuating the ramp slope between the beginning of the ramp and a time when the current output by the variable current source becomes equal to the initial current present in the head.

Abstract: A signal processing circuit that includes a differential amplifier and an integrator. The differential amplifier receives at a first input a signal to process and at a second input an offset compensation signal provided by the integrator. The integrator includes a differential transconductance amplifier receiving an output voltage of the signal processing circuit at a first input and a reference voltage at a second input; a capacitor having a first terminal connected to the output of the transconductance amplifier and a second terminal connected to a fixed voltage; and a voltage follower receiving the voltage at the first terminal of the capacitor and providing the offset compensation signal.

Abstract: A device for switching a read head from a write mode to a read mode includes a voltage ramp generating circuit, generating and outputting a voltage ramp after a write operation; a variable current source for discharging an initial current of the read head, wherein a current output by the current source is controlled proportionally to the slope between the beginning of the voltage ramp and a first threshold of the ramp, the current source having an initial maximum value higher than the initial current of the head; and an accentuating circuit for accentuating the ramp slope between the beginning of the ramp and a time when the current output by the variable current source becomes equal to the initial current present in the head.

Abstract: A device for switching from the write mode to the read mode includes a read head connected between a first and a second input terminal of the differential amplifier, the second input terminal being connected to a constant voltage through a capacitor and to the amplifier output through the resistor. The apparatus includes a circuit for generating a voltage ramp, after a write operation; a circuit for discharging an initial current in the read head proportionally to the voltage ramp between the beginning of the ramp and a first threshold voltage of the ramp; a switch for shorting the resistor to a low value, at least between the first threshold voltage and a second ramp threshold voltage; and a detector for detecting the second threshold voltage and for providing, in the vicinity of the threshold, a progressive control of the switch.

Abstract: A counter/divider dividing an input frequency (F1) by 2.sup.q+n +1/2, comprises a first divider by 2.sup.q (30) receiving the signal to divide of a frequency F1 and provides 2.sup.q+1 outputs at the frequency F1/2.sup.q out of phase the ones to the others of 360.degree./2.sup.q+1 ; a multiplexer (32) having a control terminal (34) and sequentially providng at its output (33) each of said 2.sup.q+1 outputs each time a control signal is applied; and a second divider by 2.sup.n (31) receiving the output (33) of the multiplexer and providing the desired output (34) of the counter/divider, this output being applied to the control terminal of the multiplexer.

Abstract: A comparison circuit associated with a video tape recorder having two identical legs (41, 42), one of which (41) is connected to a head of a first type and the other (42) to a head of a second type, the outputs of both being connected to a respective input of a comparison means (56) for selecting in "search" mode the head which presents the highest signal amplitude. Each branch comprises, in series, a high-pass filter (45), a variable gain amplifier (46), a multiplier (47), a low-pass filter (48) and a capacitance amplifier (49).

Abstract: A broadband amplifier comprises a bipolar transistor (T), having a base connected to the input terminal (2), a collector connected to the output terminal (3) which is in turn connected to a supply source (11) through a first resistor (R1), and an emitter grounded. A second resistor (R2), the value of which varies simultaneously with the current gain (.beta.) of the transistor is connected between the output terminal and the transistor base. This broadband amplifier further comprises a capacitor (C) connected in parallel across the terminals of the second resistor and a third resistor (R3) connected between the second resistor and the transistor base.

Abstract: A voltage-current amplification circuit comprises two sub-circuits (B1, B2), each of which comprises a differential amplifier (D), a resistor (R4), a transistor (T), and a first switch (K1) connected between the transistor base and ground. Each sub-circuit (B1, B2) also comprises an additional amplifier (A1, A2), and an additional resistor (R2a, R2b), respectively. The inputs of the additional amplifiers being connected to ground through a common resistor (R) and to the emitters of the two transistors through a common resistor (R1). Each sub-circuit further comprises a second switch (K2) formed by a single transistor.

Abstract: A voltage-current amplification circuit comprises two sub-circuits (B1, B2), each of which comprises a differential amplifier (D), a resistor (R4), a transistor (T), and a first switch (K1) connected between the transistor base and ground. Each sub-circuit (B1, B2) also comprises an additional amplifier (A1, A2), and an additional resistor (R2a, R2b), respectively. The inputs of the additional amplifiers being connected to ground through a common resistor (R) and to the emitters of the two transistors through a common resistor (R1). Each sub-circuit further comprises a second switch (K2) formed by a single transistor.