Abstract: An illuminated street sign illuminated by LEDs. A light engine comprising a light engine carrier, at least one LED, a heat sink and optionally a reflector and/or lens system is used to illuminate a street sign. The light engine can be retrofit into existing illuminated street signs after removal of the fluorescent tube, attached to the interior of conventional housings or be integrally formed with the housing of an illuminated sign. A pair of light engines are mounted in the housing at an angle to direct the light to the opposite side panel. Each light engine has a reflector. An additional reflector can be mounted n the base of the housing.

Abstract: An illuminated street sign illuminated by LEDs. A light engine comprising a light engine carrier, at least one LED, a heat sink and optionally a reflector and/or lens system is used to illuminate a street sign. The light engine can be retrofit into existing illuminated street signs after removal of the fluorescent tube, attached to the interior of conventional housings or be integrally formed with the housing of an illuminated sign.

Abstract: An illuminated street sign illuminated by LEDs. A light engine comprising a light engine carrier, at least one LED, a heat sink and optionally a reflector and/or lens system is used to illuminate a street sign. The light engine can be retrofit into existing illuminated street signs after removal of the fluorescent tube, attached to the interior of conventional housings or be integrally formed with the housing of an illuminated sign. A pair of light engines are mounted in the housing at an angle to direct the light to the opposite side panel. Each light engine has a reflector. An additional reflector can be mounted n the base of the housing.

Abstract: Aluminium is alloyed by adding alloying ingredients to the molten metal in an intermediate treatment vessel or ladle rather than as at present in a casting furnace. If several ladles are used to supply the casting furnace, the alloying ingredients may be added to some but not all of them. A preferred order of addition of alloying ingredients is: (i) AlF.sub.3 to reduce unwanted Na, Ca and Li; (ii) one or more of Mn, Fe, Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn and Si in powder form; (iii) one or more of Zn, Cu and Si in massive form; (iv) Mg. A ladle/impeller design is described.