Abstract: The exhaust gas catalytic converter (1) with an ordered substrate structure (10) for catalysing material comprises layers (13) with parallel channels. The layers are substantially parallel to the direction (15) of main flow of the exhaust gas. The cross-sectional surfaces of the substrate structure along the direction of main flow has, according to the invention, at least partly variable area and/or variable shape; the channels make with the direction of main flow and angle between about 10.degree. and 70.degree. and the channels in adjacent layers are open towards each other and cross each other. The exhaust gas catalytic converter according to the invention enables its shape to be adapted to the conditions of small space.

Abstract: The catalytic process obtains a methyl tertiary butyl ether by feeding methanol over a solid catalyst section in a rectifying column having vertical layers in which a catalyst material is enclosed. At least one of the enclosing walls is impermeable to the catalyst material while being permeable to the methanol. A reactant comprising a mixture of saturated and unsaturated 4 carbon-chain hydrocarbons is fed into the solid catalyst section with methanol to produce a methyl tertiary butyl ether.

Abstract: The catalytic process for producing maleic anhydride employs a catalytic device formed of pairs of vertically extending vapor permeable walls which define flow channels between the pairs of walls. In addition, each pair of walls defines an interspace which contains a catalyst. A mixture of air and n-butane is passed through the flow channels while a heat exchange medium, such as a molten salt, is passed in heat exchange relation to the catalytic device while effecting an exothermic catalytic reaction of the mixture within the catalytic device. The resulting gaseous maleic anhydride is produced as a product.

Abstract: The device for carrying out catalyzed reactions includes a plurality of layers, each of which provides an interspace which is filled with a catalyst material. The walls of each layer are impermeable to the catalyst material while being permeable to the reactants flowing in flow channels between the parallel layers. In one embodiment, separate guide elements may be used to space the layers apart and to define the flow channels. The catalyst material may be selected from solid particles, liquids and gases.

Abstract: The catalytic reactor has a catalyst member in the form of a stage of different orientations from one another and with flow-guiding elements which form crossing subflow ducts and which have a catalyst thereon. The flow-guiding elements are at an angle of inclination W of at least 10.degree. to the main flow direction and form partly open flow-crossing places between the subflows. The height H of a stage corresponds to a displacement factor H/HO of at least 1/2 where HO=Dctg W and D equals the diameter (or width) of the catalyst member. Satisfactory homogenization of the catalytic reaction and satisfactory heat removal via the heat-conductive rector wall are therefor achieved. The selectivity of the chemical reaction is improved and slip substantially obviated.

Abstract: The method and apparatus for producing members (4) of extrudable material, for example a ceramic or synthetic plastic material, use a nozzle (2) composed of a plurality of segments (21 to 25) abutting without gaps and having extrusion ducts (28), segments (21, 22) of the nozzle being moved relative to one another, for example transversely relative to the direction of extrusion. With this method and apparatus it is possible to produce in a single operation members of which the structures, such as open ducts (40), change their relative positions and cross one another.

Abstract: The catalyst element consists of a carrier structure in the form of static mixer elements which are provided with a washcoat covering, the surface of which contains a catalyst. The carrier structure may consist of a metal skeleton or may be constructed of a solid ceramic material.

Abstract: The device for the performance of sorption processes is in the form of a static mixer and comprises a number of folded double-walled layers which contact one another. The layers are double walled with at least some of the resulting gaps being filled with sorption material. The walls of the layers are permeable by the adsorptives and impermeable by the sorption materials. The device can be used with advantage for chromatography separation processes and permits use of a broad spectrum of sorption materials, increases the working life and improves process reliability.