Abstract: A throttle control system includes a pedal (10) and a mechanical linkage , 12, 13) to a casing (6). Stepper motor (5) has a stator mounted on the casing (6), so that as the casing (6) is rotated, it will also move the stator of the stepper motor (5). Stepper motor (5) also controls the position of a shaft (4) which carries a butterfly valve (1) regulating the fuel flow in an internal combustion engine. Position sensor (8) senses angular changes of position between casing (6) and shaft (4). Position changes in shaft (4) resulting from operation of pedal (10) and linkage (11, 12, 13) are signalled to microprocessor (7) which operates motor (5) to provide corrective rotation of shaft (4).

Abstract: A motor-car headlight with a built-in static relay.The headlight lamp is connected in series with a power phototransistor with which it is optically coupled. Turn on and turn off of the phototransistor is effected by temporarily changing the base voltage.

Abstract: A device for detecting specific positions of a moving part, for example a rapidly rotating part provided with soft-magnetic projecting elements which alternately pass close to the detector device, which comprises a stationary magnetic exciter circuit for a Hall-effect crystal.The magnetic exciter circuit comprises a single permanent magnet having one pole face oriented towards the moving part, and provided with two symmetrical soft-magnetic pole pieces forming a narrow gap in which the Hall-effect crystal is disposed.

Abstract: A device for determining the angular position of a rotating part includes first and second parallel arranged magnets forming a symmetric magnetic excitation circuit with a Hall-effect element disposed on the axis thereof. The rotating part has first and second elements made of a soft magnetic material which are angularly displaced so as to alternately pass by the first and second magnets, respectively, to produce first and second oppositely directed transverse magnetic field components, H, at the Hall-effect element which thereby generates a signal whose polarity reverses to indicate angular position of the rotating part.