Abstract: An apparatus for atraumatic access to the blood circuit includes a central tubular section connected to two lateral tubular sections. The central section includes a removable head having a blood taking and blood reinjection line, and a pair for obturating the blood flow, which may be activated by a rotation of the removable head through 90.degree.. The two lateral sections are connected to a vein or artery, forming a shunt. A recess in the closure makes it possible to clean and rinse the interior of the access device. The device makes it possible to treat, as often as necessary, an extra-corporal circulation of a patient's blood.

Abstract: A device for a traumatic access to a blood vessel of a living organism through the cutaneous surface thereof. The device includes in combination an implantable device comprising a tubular segment for access to the blood vessel; a valving element for the tubular segment; a mechanism for controlling the blood flow through the valving element; a cover for sealing the proximal end of the tubular segment in the absence of the blood control mechanism; and a porous coating adapted to be colonized by tissue ingrowth and at least partially surrounding the implantable device. The porous coating is formed from a carbon-carbon composite material comprising a reinforcement formed from a carbon fiber porous substrate embedded in a carbonaceous matrix design to densify only partially the fiber substrate while connecting the carbon fibers together.

Abstract: Fibrous substrates intended for the production of composite bodies are produced from sheet material consisting of fibrous filaments or threads bound into a coherent sheet with a binder by providing fine, substantially uniformly sized and distributed perforations in at least selected areas of the coherent sheet, subdividing the perforated sheet into a plurality of substantially identical smaller flat sheets each comprising at least one of said selected areas, stacking the smaller sheets one upon another so that in the resulting stack the perforations in one sheet overlie the perforations in the immediately underlying sheet and thus form passages through the stack and thereafter threading through said passages in said stack strands or rods formed from fibrous filaments or threads which have been bound together with a binder.