Abstract: A monitoring device for continuously monitoring the internal circulation flow-rate of solid particles in a circulating fluidized bed reactor including a bottom zone into which the fluidization gas is injected, and a top zone surrounded by walls. The device includes a sampling tank for sampling internal circulation solids, which tank is fixed against one of the walls of the reactor and is provided with a fluidization device. A removal pipe is provided for removing the solids from the tank and conveying them to a measuring device for measuring the flow-rate of the solids. A return pipe is provided for returning the solids from the measuring device to the inside of the reactor.

Abstract: A heat recovery method is disclosed suitable for combined gas turbine/steam turbine cycles including at the exhaust of a gas turbine a waste heat boiler in which water is first treated in a degassing unit connected to a first evaporator and comprising a certain number of heat exchangers. The boiler uses an ultrasupercritical steam cycle with four pressure levels with subcritical fluid intermediate evaporator stages.

Abstract: A fluidized bed hearth floor comprises a supporting metal sheet provided with fluidization-gas injection nozzles. The supporting sheet is made of refractory metal, and is covered with a plurality of flat elements made of refractory metal, each flat element being fixed to the supporting sheet by welding in a localized zone, e.g., substantially at a point.

Abstract: A circulating fluidized bed reactor includes a lower zone having a fluidization grid, primary and secondary air injection inlets, and fuel feed inlets, an upper zone, internal bubbling beds at the top of the lower zone collecting solid matter from recirculation internal to the reactor and delivering a fraction thereof to external bubbling bed heat exchangers close coupled with the walls of the reactor level with the internal beds. The external heat exchangers reject the solid matter into the lower zone after exchanging heat with an external fluid. The reactor is simple in structure and benefits from the advantages of bubbling external beds while maintaining conventional design in the lower zone.

Abstract: The reactor includes: a lower zone (I) having a fast circulation fluidized bed; a zone having a dense fluidized bed (13) and located adjacent to the top of the lower zone, being separated therefrom by a dividing wall, the top layer of the dense bed receiving falling particulate materials, and its bottom layer returning these materials to the lower zone (I); and a higher zone having a fast circulation fluidized bed. The invention is applicable to boilers.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a method of reducing polluting emissions from a circulating fluidized bed combustion installation including a furnace from which the dust is recovered at least in part by a cyclone, the partially dedusted gases output by the cyclone passing through a recovery boiler, and then into a dust filter, in which method a desulfurizing agent is inserted into the furnace. According to the invention, downstream from said recovery boiler, and upstream from said dust filter, the flue gases are desulfurized in semi-humid manner in a reaction enclosure provided with a water injection inlet. Downstream from said dust filter, the resulting desulfurization products are thermally oxidized.

Abstract: The reactor includes: a lower zone (I) having a fast circulation fluidized bed; a zone having a dense fluidized bed (13) and located adjacent to the top of the lower zone, being separated therefrom by a dividing wall, the top layer of the dense bed receiving falling particulate materials, and its bottom layer returning these materials to the lower zone (I); and a higher zone having a fast circulation fluidized bed. The invention is applicable to boilers.

Abstract: The lance of the invention includes a sleeve (2A) which conveys air under pressure around a central tube (1) which conveys the pulp that is to be sprayed and dispersed. The wall of this tube is pierced by separation holes (5) to inject a gaseous lining around the pulp, by break-up holes (3) for breaking up said pulp, and by rotation-imparting holes (4) in the vicinity of the outlet (1B) from the lance. The invention is particularly applicable to feeding a boiler with coal powder.

Abstract: A cyclone for separating a mixture of gas and solid particles by centrifuging into a fraction that is enriched in particles and a gaseous fraction that is depleted in particles, the cyclone comprising a cylindrical vessel into which a duct for injecting the mixture of gas and solid particles opens out tangentially, an axial duct for removing the gaseous fraction, means for removing the fraction that is enriched in particles, which means are situated in the bottom portion of the cylindrical vessel, gas injection means serving to fluidize the solid particle enriched fraction as a dense bed, and heat exchanger means for exchanging heat between the dense fluidized bed that is formed and a fluid to be vaporized and/or reheated, together with means for adjusting the level of the dense bed.

Abstract: Method and installation for processing a material in a circulating fluidized bed, in which, in the filtration compartment (4) traversed by the fluidization gas at a speed which is so regulated as to put into suspension only the particles having dimensions smaller than a given limit, the unburnt largest particles (25) which are recovered and are directly recycled in the fluidized bed (21) and the fine particles (24) are subjected in an adjacent compartment (5) to a processing for agglomerating the ashes by forming in the processing compartment (5) a high temperature zone (96), the agglomerated ashes (26) being withdrawn at the base of the processing compartment (5) and the unburnt fine particles (27) being returned to fluidized bed (21) through a recycling circuit (54).

Abstract: Boiler with a circulating fluidized bed, comprising a fluidization column completely lined with refractory material, a recirculation cyclone (2) and a duct (3) for recycling the solid materials. At least one heat-exchanger component (25, 26, 27) is placed in the recirculation cyclone (2). Pipe lines (30) enable air to be injected in tangential directions into the upper part of the cyclone (2) and thereby to increase the vortex effect. The combustion takes place substantially in the upper part of the cyclone (2). The fluidization column (1) comprises a widened section (1a) in its lower part.

Abstract: The device is disposed at the base of a fluidization chamber for the uniform distribution of a gaseous fluid throughout the section of the chamber, and comprises a multitude of small parallel tubes (12) provided with radial perforations and connected to manifolds (11a, 11b . . . ) for a looped supply of gaseous fluid to the tubes. The invention is particularly applicable to industrial fluidized beds for processing materials.

Abstract: Process and apparatus for supplying combustible material to a fluidized bed in a vessel connected to a separating device for the solid particles entrained with the smoke and containing a certain proportion of unburnt matter, the particles recovered being recycled into the fluidized bed. During a normal operation of the fluidized bed supplied with combustible matter, the solid particles recovered in the separating device are accumulated in a silo and periodically, the supply of combustible matter is stopped and the particles accumulated in the silo are recycled into the fluidized bed with a regulated flow rate, so that the combustion of the unburnt matter contained in the recycled particles maintains the temperature of the fluidized bed at the desired level. The exothermic reaction is maintained alternately by the combustion of the combustible matter in the normal operating phase and by the combustion of the unburnt matter in the recycling phase.