Abstract: Advances have been made in electrical stimulation for medical, diagnostic and therapeutic uses, including cutaneous uses and non-cutaneous uses (such as medical implant devices). The novel systems are based on a modulated continuous symmetric wave-form especially at a high-frequency (1 kHz-50,000 kHz), especially devices including a FPGA or ASCI chip. Such electrical systems finally make possible safe, miniaturized medical devices small enough to be hand-held or implantable. A high-frequency symmetric waveform is used to synthesize a low-frequency sine wave.

Abstract: A method using a precisely controlled, computer programmable stimulus for neuroselective tissue stimulation that does not leave a sufficient voltage or electrical artifact on the tissue being stimulated that would interfere or prevent a monitoring system from recording the physiological response is utilized to evaluate the physiological conduction of the tissue being studied. A computer controls both the waveform, duration and intensity of the stimulus. An output trigger to the nerve response recording component controls the timing of its operation. A neuroselective nervous tissue response latency and amplitude may be determined. The computer controlled stimulus may also be administered for therapeutic purposes.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for locating a catheter adjacent to a pacemaker node of the heart. The placement of a catheter tip just before SA heart pacemaker node is a common and desired procedure in medicine, with the most serious complication being its accidental advancement of the beyond this point placing its tip into the heart, with often fatal complications. The catheter tip location just before SA heart pacemaker node is desired because is most often the safest and optimal location. The catheter described in the present invention is placed by a physician within a patient's body circulatory vessel and advanced towards the heart SA pacemaker node, using traditional medical procedures. From the distal tip of the catheter the endogenous electrical activity from the SA pacemaker node of the heart is monitored and transmitted via at least one insulated transmission line located within the catheter to an electronic catheter monitoring system located outside the body.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for locating a catheter adjacent to a pacemaker node of the heart. The placement of a catheter tip just before SA heart pacemaker node is a common and desired procedure in medicine, with the most serious complication being its accidental advancement of the beyond this point placing its tip into the heart, with often fatal complications. The catheter tip location just before SA heart pacemaker node is desired because is most often the safest and optimal location. The catheter described in the present invention is placed by a physician within a patients body circulatory vessel and advanced towards the heart SA pacemaker node, using traditional medical procedures. From the distal tip of the catheter the endogenous electrical activity from the SA pacemaker node of the heart is monitored and transmitted via at least one insulated transmission line located within the catheter to an electronic catheter monitoring system located outside the body.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for guiding a physician in the placement of a probe in the body. The method of placement of a catheter or probe in the body through a multi-directional walled path departing from a straight line involving inserting an insulated catheter or probe with a distal uninsulated tip which is electronically connected in a circuit to an electronic catheter guidance system apparatus located outside the patients body which has a power source and a calibrated monitor. The catheter is advanced by a physician into an initial opening in said multi-directional path in a patient's body moving the tip of said catheter or probe forward along said path until the calibrated monitor displays that an obstruction has been met indicating a change in path direction.