Abstract: A method of forming a coating can include: preparing a substrate surface with adherent characteristics; and/or applying at least one non-carbon-based topological insulator to the substrate surface to provide a topological insulator layer on the substrate surface. The at least one non-carbon-based topological insulator can have one or more of selected optical transmittance, selected thermal conductivity, selected electrical conductivity, or selected electrical resistivity.

Abstract: In one aspect, methods of making a carbon coating are described herein. In some implementations, a method of making a carbon coating comprises applying a first adhesive material to a substrate surface to provide an adhesive surface; rolling a carbon source over the adhesive surface to provide a carbon layer on the adhesive surface; and rolling an adhesive roller over the carbon layer to remove some but not all of the carbon of the carbon layer to provide the carbon coating.

Abstract: A nanotube particle device for two dimensional and three dimensional printing or additive/subtractive manufacturing. The nanotube particle device comprising a nanotube, a particle shooter, a positioning mechanism, and a detection sensor. The particle shooter shoots a particle down the nanotube towards a target, the detection sensor senses the collision of the particle with the target, and the positioning mechanism re-adjusts the positioning of the nanotube based on the results of the collision. A method for aiming the particle shooter and additive/subtractive manufacturing are also disclosed and described.

Abstract: Methods and systems for transmitting data are described. A random data stream is generated. A data stream is generated comprising the random data stream and indicators as to which data of the random data stream is valid data to be communicated to a recipient. The random data stream and/or the data stream may be communicated using quantum entanglement.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for processing fuselage sections. A first fuselage section is held in a cradle system. A current shape of the first fuselage section in the cradle system is measured. Forces to change the current shape of the first fuselage section to a desired shape for connecting the first fuselage section to a second fuselage section are identified. The forces identified are applied using a system to change the current shape of the first fuselage section towards the desired shape.

Abstract: A system for providing active real-time characterization of an article under test. A broadband infrared light source outputs a beam of infrared light. The infrared light source is configured to direct the beam of infrared light at a particular area on the article under test. A broadband IR light detector is configured to receive a first predetermined return beam of light from the particular area on the article under test. A processor receives signals from the broadband IR light detector and calculates in real time a spectrally sensitive signal. The processor analyzes the calculated signal to ensure that the article under test conforms to an expected value.

Abstract: The present disclosure generally relates to method and apparatuses for 3D printing. The apparatuses include a stationary workpiece stage and an optics assembly adapted to direct laser energy to different locations on the workpiece stage. The optics assembly includes one or more of an intensity-controlling mechanism, a polarization mechanism, a shape-controlling mechanism, and a beam-steering mechanism configured to direct laser energy towards the workpiece stage. The method includes directing an energy beam from a laser towards a workpiece stage while adjusting the direction of the energy beam, adjusting the intensity of the energy beam, adjusting the shape of the energy beam, or adjusting the polarization of the energy beam.

Abstract: Methods and systems and components made according to the methods and systems, are disclosed relating to the generation of a holographic image, including a color-containing holographic image, generated exclusively optically addressing information to a projection system.

Abstract: A system that comprises a quantum key device configured to generate quantum information and transmit the quantum information over a first and second quantum communication channel. The system also comprises a first device, communicatively coupled to the quantum key device over the first quantum communication channel, and a second device, communicatively coupled to the quantum key device over the second quantum communication channel. The system further comprises an encryption module configured to encrypt data to create encrypted data, at the first device, using a first quantum encryption key. The system also comprises a decryption module configured to decrypt the encrypted data to create decrypted data, at the second device, using a second quantum encryption key. The first quantum encryption key is the same as the second quantum encryption key. The system further comprises a termination module configured to prevent access to the decrypted data after a predetermined period of time.

Abstract: A method for securely communicating digital content includes steps of: (1) receiving data from a plurality of key sources; (2) retrieving a plurality of data sets from the data, each one of the plurality of data sets comprising a plurality of data units; (3) extracting a plurality of selected data units from the plurality of data units; (4) generating a custom key using the plurality of selected data units; (5) encrypting content using the custom key; and (6) transmitting encrypted content.

Abstract: A system for providing active real-time characterization of an article under test is disclosed. First, second and third RF radiation sources each outputs and directs a beam of RF radiation at a particular area on the article under test. An RF receiver and a second harmonic generation RF receiver, a sum frequency receiver, and a third order receiver are each configured to receive a respective predetermined return beam of RF radiation from the particular area on the article under test. A processor receives signals from the receivers and calculates in real time respective spectroscopic signals and compares each calculated signal with each other calculated signal and with a predetermined baseline signal to ensure that the article under test conforms to an expected value.

Abstract: Methods, systems and components are disclosed relating to the exclusive optical addressing of information for image display systems.

Abstract: A system that comprises a quantum key device configured to generate quantum information and transmit the quantum information over a first and second quantum communication channel. The system also comprises a first device, communicatively coupled to the quantum key device over the first quantum communication channel, and a second device, communicatively coupled to the quantum key device over the second quantum communication channel. The system further comprises an encryption module configured to encrypt data to create encrypted data, at the first device, using a first quantum encryption key. The system also comprises a decryption module configured to decrypt the encrypted data to create decrypted data, at the second device, using a second quantum encryption key. The first quantum encryption key is the same as the second quantum encryption key. The system further comprises a termination module configured to prevent access to the decrypted data after a predetermined period of time.

Abstract: A method for securely communicating digital content includes steps of: (1) receiving data from a plurality of key sources; (2) retrieving a plurality of data sets from the data, each one of the plurality of data sets comprising a plurality of data units; (3) extracting a plurality of selected data units from the plurality of data units; (4) generating a custom key using the plurality of selected data units; (5) encrypting content using the custom key; and (6) transmitting encrypted content.

Abstract: In one aspect, coated optical elements are described herein. In some implementations, a coated optical element comprises an optical element and a graphene coating layer disposed on a surface of the optical element. The graphene coating layer, in some implementations, has a thickness of about 100 nm or less.

Abstract: A cleanliness indication system and a method that indicate that a surface of a component is clean. The cleanliness indication system and method include a photoluminescent indicator that is configured to be on the surface of the component. The photoluminescent indicator is configured to be exposed to ultraviolet (UV) light during a UV light sanitizing cycle. The photoluminescent indicator emits light due to exposure to the UV light. The photoluminescent indicator indicates that the surface of the component is clean by emitting the light due to exposure to the UV light.

Abstract: Various methods and devices for touch screens using topological insulators are provided. One of the touch screen devices includes a touch sensor layer including a three-dimensional “3D” topological insulator that maintains an electric charge over opposing outer surfaces of the 3D topological insulator. The touch screen device also includes electrodes electrically connecting the opposing outer surfaces of the 3D topological insulator. The touch screen device also includes a controller that determines a position at which an object touches the touch screen device based on a change in the electric charge over the opposing outer surfaces.

Abstract: A system and method for providing active real-time characterization of an article under test. A first scan assembly moves an infrared light source and an first visible light source so that a beam of coherent infrared light and a first beam of visible light move across a surface of an article under test in a raster pattern. A second scan assembly moves a visible light camera, a visible light second harmonic generation camera, an infrared camera, an infrared second harmonic generation camera, and the sum-frequency camera so that each camera receives a respective predetermined return beam of light from the surface of the article under test. A processor receives signals from each camera and generates an image of mechanical properties of the surface of the article under test based on such signals.

Abstract: A system that includes a quantum key device, a first device, and a second device. A monitor module is configured to detect, at the first device, that the second device is reading quantum information over a second quantum communication channel. A read module is configured to read, at the first device, the quantum information over a first quantum communication channel. An encryption module is configured to generate a first quantum encryption key at the first device using the quantum information that is read over the first quantum communication channel. The encryption module is also configured to encrypt data using the first quantum encryption key to create encrypted data. The second device decrypts the encrypted data using a second quantum encryption key generated at the second device using the quantum information read at the second device to create decrypted data.

Abstract: An active real-time characterization system for identifying the presence of surface contaminants on to an outer surface of an article under test. Infrared and visible light sources controllably output a beam of coherent light directed at a particular area on the article under test, the infrared light source having an optical parametric oscillator coupled to an optical parametric amplifier. A series of cameras, including a visible light camera, a visible light second harmonic generation camera, an infrared camera, an infrared second harmonic generation camera, a sum-frequency camera and a third-order camera each include an associated filter system and are each configured to receive return beams of light at predetermined frequencies controlled by the filter system. A processor determines whether the received signals have a spectral response that is different from a baseline spectral response thereby indicating that contaminants exist on the surface of the article under test.