Abstract: A memory allocation message for each primary memory allocation in a primary memory made by a primary processor is received at a hardware memory management module. A representation of each primary memory allocation is allocated within a second memory in response to each memory allocation message. A determination is made, based upon the allocated representations of each primary memory allocation within the second memory, to free a primary memory allocation in the primary memory. A memory free message is sent to the primary processor instructing the primary processor to free the primary memory allocation in the primary memory.

Abstract: Certain examples accommodate multicast and unicast frame forwarding via wired and/or wireless port connections. An example method includes identifying a message including a frame of data to be directed to a group of playback devices via a network protocol. The example method includes overriding the network protocol for the group of playback devices to transmit a unicast message via direct routing to each member of the group of playback devices that is a “neighbor” of the first playback device.

Abstract: Systems, methods, apparatus, and articles of manufacture to provide root re-selection in a spanning tree protocol are disclosed. An example method includes transmitting, from a current root device on a playback network, a query message to a router on the playback network. The example method includes evaluating a response received from at least one intermediate device between the current root and the router, the at least one intermediate device relaying the query message from the root to the router and transmitting a response back to the current root device indicating a root path cost associated with that intermediate device. The example method includes determining, based on the received root path cost(s), an updated designation of a new root device for the playback network. The example method includes, if the new root device is different from the current root device, exchanging bridge priority between the current root and the new root.

Abstract: Systems, methods, apparatus, and articles of manufacture to provide for low-latency delivery and playback of audio are disclosed. In one embodiment, an example audio system includes multiple playback devices including a primary device and one or more secondary devices, whereby, the primary device establishes and controls a peer-to-peer network that connects, wirelessly or wired, to each of the satellite devices. An example audio device contains a channel selector, a control interface, and an audio interface. In some embodiments the control interface is used to transmit control information to another device on a first frequency channel, and the audio interface is used to transmit audio information to another device on a second frequency channel.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for direction routing between nodes of networks are disclosed. An example method includes identifying a destination node of first data received at a first node; calculating a logical distance from the first node to the destination node; and, when the logical distance meets a threshold condition and when a direct route from the first node to the destination node is blocked according to a protocol setting, overriding the protocol setting to enable transmission of the first data from the first node to the destination node via the direct route.

Abstract: A method, computer program product, and system are disclosed for supporting variable data structures and constant data structures in a hardware-based XML PPE. The method may include inserting one or more constant Type-Length-Attributes (TLAs) into an output stream. The constant TLAs are inserted from one or more constant node-sets referenced from a constant table. The method may also include creating one or more variable node-sets. Each variable node-set includes one or more variable TLAs (TLAs saved from a base XML document) and is mapped to a variable table. The method may also include inserting one or more variable TLAs into the output stream inserted from one or more variable node-sets referenced from the variable table.

Abstract: A memory allocation message for each primary memory allocation in a primary memory made by a primary processor is received at a hardware memory management module. A representation of each primary memory allocation is allocated within a second memory in response to each memory allocation message. A determination is made, based upon the allocated representations of each primary memory allocation within the second memory, to free a primary memory allocation in the primary memory. A memory free message is sent to the primary processor instructing the primary processor to free the primary memory allocation in the primary memory.

Abstract: A method, computer program product, and system are disclosed for supporting variable data structures and constant data structures in a hardware-based XML PPE. The method may include inserting one or more constant Type-Length-Attributes (TLAs) into an output stream. The constant TLAs are inserted from one or more constant node-sets referenced from a constant table. The method may also include creating one or more variable node-sets. Each variable node-set includes one or more variable TLAs (TLAs saved from a base XML document) and is mapped to a variable table. The method may also include inserting one or more variable TLAs into the output stream inserted from one or more variable node-sets referenced from the variable table.

Abstract: The system and method of the present invention “emulates” the TCAM function using a data structure which is stored in an SDRAM device in such way that the size of emulated TCAM is substantially larger than the original TCAM device, thereby allowing the increase of the number of PPE programs which can be resident in memory. The present invention provides a new “emulCAM” algorithm which builds partially on BaRT, but is extended by providing multiple results per hash table entry with flexible assignment to “match-condition-combinations”, by utilizing MUX control vectors for extracting hash index instead of “index-mask-based extraction”, by moving part of CAM function to invoking emulCAM instruction and by providing “Pathological case handling” using multiple emulCAM instructions.