Abstract: We claim a hammer driven actuator that uses the fast-motion, low-force characteristics of an electro-magnetic or similar prime mover to develop kinetic energy that can be transformed via a friction interface to produce a higher-force, lower-speed linear or rotary actuator by using a hammering process to produce a series of individual steps. Such a system can be implemented using a voice-coil, electro-mechanical solenoid or similar prime mover. Where a typical actuator provides limited range of motion or low force, the range of motion of a linear or rotary impact driven motor can be configured to provide large displacements which are not limited by the characteristic dimensions of the prime mover.

Abstract: We claim a hammer driven actuator that uses the fast-motion, low-force characteristics of an electro-magnetic or similar prime mover to develop kinetic energy that can be transformed via a friction interface to produce a higher-force, lower-speed linear or rotary actuator by using a hammering process to produce a series of individual steps. Such a system can be implemented using a voice-coil, electro-mechanical solenoid or similar prime mover. Where a typical actuator provides limited range of motion or low force, the range of motion of a linear or rotary impact driven motor can be configured to provide large displacements which are not limited by the characteristic dimensions of the prime mover.

Abstract: A spring biasing locking mechanism is provided for a step and repeat motor. The motor includes a base having a channel, an output member in the channel, at least one translator drive element and first and second clamping elements. The spring biasing locking mechanism includes a locking structure joined to the base by a hinge. The locking structure spans both clamping elements. A spring biases the locking structure toward the channel so that the spring force is transmitted to the two clamping elements. The spring biased locking mechanism accommodates wear of the device, accommodates thermal expansion of the motor components, provides a limit on clamping force and provides a zero power hold condition.

Abstract: A fiber reinforced polymer material has improved impact strength and resistance to delamination and perforation when fibers which exhibit martensite phase transformations are incorporated into the composite material. By embedding or "hybridizing" a brittle composite laminate with fibers that exhibit martensite phase transformations, the composite's impact resistance can be improved beyond what is presently possible. During an impact event, high localized stresses are formed at the point of object and laminate contact. By undergoing a stress-induced martensite phase transformation, the fibers which exhibit martensite phase transformations dissipate a large amount of strain energy. The phase transformation enables the fibers to accommodate up to 8% reversible strain and up to 20% ultimate strain. The impact energy is more readily dissipated by the fibers which exhibit martensite phase transformations than by the host composite material or by other hybridizing materials.