Abstract: An orthodontic appliance includes a structural backbone shaped to conform to a cemento-enamel junction of a patient and a plurality of elastically-deformable stirrups connected to the structural backbone. Each stirrup has a neutral shape corresponding to a desired position for a respective tooth. The stirrups engage the teeth such that restorative forces arising in the stirrup it is deformed from the neutral shape are transmitted to the respective tooth of the patient. The plurality of stirrups are not interconnected with each other except along the structural backbone. The orthodontic appliance in its entirety can be formed through 3D printing or other additive manufacturing techniques or, alternatively, by removing material from a more conventional tray-style aligner.

Abstract: A detector module for an imaging system, such as a CT system, and a method for fabricating the same are presented. The detector module includes an array of direct conversion sensors, the direct conversion sensors having a first side and a second side. The first side of the direct conversion sensors includes a segmented electrode side forming an array of pixels that receive radiation and convert the received radiation into corresponding charge signals, whereas the second side includes a common electrode side. The detector module also includes a readout electronic circuitry coupled to one or more of the direct conversion sensors where the readout electronic circuitry is configured to be shielded from the radiation. In addition, the detector module includes a bias voltage circuitry coupled to the one or more direct conversion sensors on the second side.

Abstract: A technique for acquiring desired image data in an imaging system comprising at least one radiation source and a detector is described. Initially, preliminary image data corresponding to an object may be acquired. Further, at least one parameter associated with the radiation source and corresponding to a particular view angle of the radiation source may be determined based on the preliminary image data and a priori information. Similarly, at least one parameter associated with the detector and corresponding to the particular view angle may be determined based on a priori information and the preliminary image data. Efficient operating modes of the radiation source and the detector corresponding to the particular view angle may be selected based on the determined parameters to achieve a desired system performance. Subsequently, the final image data may be acquired using the selected operating modes of the radiation source and the detector.

Abstract: A coded aperture includes a position sensitive detector configured to observe the location of emitted high energy radiation, and a mask disposed in front of the position sensitive detector, wherein the mask has a non-linear shape configured to define a perimeter around position sensitive detector, wherein the mask comprises a plurality of attenuating and transparent elements of a predetermined configuration, positioned such that the emitted radiation is detected by the position sensitive detector after passage through the mask.

Abstract: A coded aperture includes a position sensitive detector configured to observe the location of emitted high energy radiation, and a mask disposed in front of the position sensitive detector, wherein the mask has a non-linear shape configured to define a perimeter around position sensitive detector, wherein the mask comprises a plurality of attenuating and transparent elements of a predetermined configuration, positioned such that the emitted radiation is detected by the position sensitive detector after passage through the mask.

Abstract: A technique for acquiring desired image data in an imaging system comprising at least one radiation source and a detector is described. Initially, preliminary image data corresponding to an object may be acquired. Further, at least one parameter associated with the radiation source and corresponding to a particular view angle of the radiation source may be determined based on the preliminary image data and a priori information. Similarly, at least one parameter associated with the detector and corresponding to the particular view angle may be determined based on a priori information and the preliminary image data. Efficient operating modes of the radiation source and the detector corresponding to the particular view angle may be selected based on the determined parameters to achieve a desired system performance. Subsequently, the final image data may be acquired using the selected operating modes of the radiation source and the detector.

Abstract: A detector for identification and localization of radioisotopes, comprising a position sensitive detector configured to observe the location of emitted high energy radiation, wherein the position sensitive detector comprises a surface comprised of a first radiation sensitive material; and an active mask disposed in front of the position sensitive detector positioned such that the emitted high energy radiation is detected by the position sensitive detector after passage through the mask, wherein the mask comprises a second radiation sensitive material.

Abstract: An x-ray diffraction imaging device includes at least one x-ray detector and at least one scatter collimator positioned upstream of the at least one x-ray detector. The at least one collimator includes a plurality of successive plates. Each of the plurality of plates defines a plurality of rectangular holes. The plurality of successive plates are arranged such that the plurality of rectangular holes define a plurality of quadrilateral passages extending through the at least one scatter collimator. Each of the plurality of quadrilateral passages is configured to increase a rate of detection of first x-rays that define an x-ray transit path enclosed within a single such quadrilateral passage. Also, the plurality of quadrilateral passages is configured to decrease a rate of detection of second x-rays that define an x-ray transit path that intersects more than one such quadrilateral passage.

Abstract: An x-ray diffraction imaging device includes at least one x-ray detector and at least one scatter collimator positioned upstream of the at least one x-ray detector. The at least one collimator includes a plurality of successive plates. Each of the plurality of plates defines a plurality of rectangular holes. The plurality of successive plates are arranged such that the plurality of rectangular holes define a plurality of quadrilateral passages extending through the at least one scatter collimator. Each of the plurality of quadrilateral passages is configured to increase a rate of detection of first x-rays that define an x-ray transit path enclosed within a single such quadrilateral passage. Also, the plurality of quadrilateral passages is configured to decrease a rate of detection of second x-rays that define an x-ray transit path that intersects more than one such quadrilateral passage.

Abstract: An integrated radiation detector having a pulse-mode operating photosensor optically coupled to a gamma sensing element and a neutron sensing element is disclosed. The detector includes pulse shape and processing electronics package that uses an analog to digital converter (ADC) and a charge to digital converter (QDC) to determine scintillation decay times and classify radiation interactions by radiation type. The pulse shape and processing electronics package determines a maximum gamma energy from the spectrum associated with gamma rays detected by the gamma sensing element to adaptively select a gamma threshold for the neutron sensing element. A light pulse attributed to the neutron sensing element is a valid neutron event when the amplitude of the light pulse is above the gamma threshold.

Abstract: An integrated radiation detector having a pulse-mode operating photosensor optically coupled to a gamma sensing element and a neutron sensing element is disclosed. The detector includes pulse shape and processing electronics package that uses an analog to digital converter (ADC) and a charge to digital converter (QDC) to determine scintillation decay times and classify radiation interactions by radiation type. The pulse shape and processing electronics package determines a maximum gamma energy from the spectrum associated with gamma rays detected by the gamma sensing element to adaptively select a gamma threshold for the neutron sensing element. A light pulse attributed to the neutron sensing element is a valid neutron event when the amplitude of the light pulse is above the gamma threshold.

Abstract: A detector for identification and localization of radioisotopes, comprising a position sensitive detector configured to observe the location of emitted high energy radiation, wherein the position sensitive detector comprises a surface comprised of a first radiation sensitive material; and an active mask disposed in front of the position sensitive detector positioned such that the emitted high energy radiation is detected by the position sensitive detector after passage through the mask, wherein the mask comprises a second radiation sensitive material.

Abstract: A system and method for advertising and selling products and services over a decentralized network is disclosed. Generally, a seller uses a stand-alone seller application to generate an offer listing including an offer of sale. At least a portion of the offer listing is sent to a syndicated web feed provider, which creates an XML file based on the portion of the offer listing. The syndicated web feed provider disseminates a web feed comprising the XML file to a plurality of stand-alone buyer applications. If a potential buyer is interesting in an offer of sale, the potential buyer uses the stand-alone buyer application to direct contact the stand-alone seller application of the seller. The seller and potential buyer directly negotiate and the transaction is abandoned or completed based on the negotiations.

Abstract: A system and method for advertising and selling products and services over a decentralized network is disclosed. Generally, a seller uses a stand-alone seller application to reserve keywords with a syndicated web feed provider and to send both a banner advertisement and a web-based media advertisement associated with the reserved keywords to the syndicated web feed provider. The syndicated web feed provider creates an XML file based on the reserved keywords and received advertisements, and periodically creates and disseminates a web feed comprising the XML file to a plurality of stand-alone buyer applications. In response to actions of the buyer, the stand-alone buyer application requests the banner advertisement. If a buyer clicks on a received banner advertisement, the buyer is directed to a web-based media advertisement. The buyer interacts with the web-based media advertisement and may complete a transaction for an offer of sale.

Abstract: Systems and methods to integrate processing of information from a plurality of data systems. In an embodiment, a system includes a network connection, which can receive information sent to and from a terminal. The network connection is coupled to a first network, and the first network is coupled to the terminal. The system can also include a plurality of data system connections, where each data system connection of the plurality of data system connections can receive information sent to and from a respective data system of a plurality of data systems. A server is coupled to the network connection and the plurality of data system connections. In an embodiment, the server includes a processor and a memory coupled to the processor. The memory can include a plurality of data system instructions objects, where each data system instructions object of the plurality of data system instructions objects corresponds to a respective data system of the plurality of data systems.