Abstract: A dispersed mobile-phase countercurrent chromatography system is described in which solutes are carried by a stream of dispersed mobile phase solvent through a column, or array of serially-connected columns, of stationary phase solvent with which the mobile phase solvent is immiscible. Solutes carried along by the stream of dispersed mobile-phase solvent will be equilibrated between the mobile-phase solvent and the stationary-phase solvent. Because the mobile-phase is dispersed into mini-droplets much smaller in diameter than the column of stationary phase, the enhanced surface/volume ratio of the droplets expedites countercurrent equilibration of different solutes between the mobile-phase solvent and the stationary-phase solvent in accordance with the distribution-coefficients of the solutes between the two solvents.

Abstract: A dispersed mobile-phase countercurrent chromatography system is described in which solutes are carried by a stream of dispersed mobile phase solvent through a column, or array of serially-connected columns, of stationary phase solvent with which the mobile phase solvent is immiscible. Solutes carried along by the stream of dispersed mobile-phase solvent will be equilibrated between the mobile-phase solvent and the stationary-phase solvent. Because the mobile-phase is dispersed into mini-droplets much smaller in diameter than the column of stationary phase, the enhanced surface/volume ratio of the droplets expedites countercurrent equilibration of different solutes between the mobile-phase solvent and the stationary-phase solvent in accordance with the distribution-coefficients of the solutes between the two solvents.

Abstract: A method of genotyping single nucleotide polymorphisms (“SNP”) and point mutations in nucleic acid based on chain extension by polymerase. This invention is based on the fact that the neighboring sequence immediately 3? adjacent to the site is known, and the nucleoside immediately 5? adjacent to any SNP/point mutation site is also known. An extension primer complementary to the sequence directly adjacent to the SNP on the 3? side of a target polynucleotide is used for chain extension. Up to four different polymerase reaction mixtures are provided in separate reaction containers, each containing one different potentially chain-extending Bridging Nucleotide. A Reporting Nucleotide having a base complementary to the nucleotide directly adjacent to the SNP on the 5? side of the target polynucleotide may also be added to each reaction container.

Abstract: An hemoglobin (Hb)-Dextran (Dx) conjugate having a molecular weight between 50 kd and 500 kD provides a blood substitute that results in acceptable erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and excretion rate (EXC) values. DxHb conjugates of the invention can be used for a variety of purposes as an alternative to blood.

Abstract: The invention provides compositions containing an effective amount of a therapeutic agent encapsulated in a liposome coupled to a desialyated glycoprotein, e.g., desialyated glycoprotein-?1. This invention further provides methods for the targeted delivery of a therapeutic agent to a tissue expressing asialoglycoprotein receptors by delivery to the tissue an effective amount of a composition containing an effective amount of the agent encapsulated in a liposome coupled to a desialyated glycoprotein, e.g., desialyated glycoprotein-?1. Also provided by this invention is a method for inhibiting the proliferation of liver cancer by administering to a subject in need of such therapy an effective amount of a composition containing doxorubicin encapsulated in desialyated glycoprotein-?1 coupled to a liposome.

Abstract: A method of genotyping single nucleotide polymorphisms (“SNP”) and point mutations in nucleic acid based on chain extension by polymerase. This invention is based on the fact that the nucleoside immediately 5? adjacent to any SNP/point mutation site is known, and the neighboring sequence immediately 3? adjacent to the site is also known. A primer complementary to the sequence directly adjacent to the SNP on the 3? side in a target polynucleotide is used for chain elongation. The polymerase reaction mixture contains one chain-terminating nucleotide having a base complementary to the nucleotide directly adjacent to the SNP on the 5? side in the target polynucleotide. An additional dNTP may be added to produce a primer with the maximum of a two-base extension. The resultant elongation/termination reaction products are analyzed for the length of chain extension of the primer, or for the amount of label incorporation from a labeled form of the terminator nucleotide.

Abstract: An hemoglobin (Hb)-Dextran (Dx) conjugate having a molecular weight between 50 kD and 500 kD provides a blood substitute that results in acceptable erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and excretion rate (EXC) values. DxHb conjugates of the invention can be used for a variety of purposes as an alternative to blood.

Abstract: A method of genotyping single nucleotide polymorphisms (“SNP”) and point mutations in nucleic acid based on chain extension by polymerase. This invention is based on the fact that the nucleoside immediately 5′ adjacent to any SNP/point mutation site is known, and the neighboring sequence immediately 3′ adjacent to the site is also known. A primer complementary to the sequence directly adjacent to the SNP on the 3′ side in a target polynucleotide is used for chain elongation. The polymerase reaction mixture contains one chain-terminating nucleotide having a base complementary to the nucleotide directly adjacent to the SNP on the 5′ side in the target polynucleotide. An additional dNTP may be added to produce a primer with the maximum of a two-base extension. The resultant elongation/termination reaction products are analyzed for the length of chain extension of the primer, or for the amount of label incorporation from a labeled form of the terminator nucleotide.

Abstract: The invention provides compositions containing an effective amount of a therapeutic agent encapsulated in a liposome coupled to a desialyated glycoprotein, e.g., desialyated glycoprotein-&agr;1. This invention further provides methods for the targeted delivery of a therapeutic agent to a tissue expressing asialoglycoprotein receptors by delivery to the tissue an effective amount of a composition containing an effective amount of the agent encapsulated in a liposome coupled to a desialyated glycoprotein, e.g., desialyated glycoprotein-&agr;1. Also provided by this invention is a method for inhibiting the proliferation of liver cancer by administering to a subject in need of such therapy an effective amount of a composition containing doxorubicin encapsulated in desialyated glycoprotein-&agr;1 coupled to a liposome.

Abstract: A blood substitute or blood extender is prepared by chemically coupling hemoglobin with a polysaccharide material selected from dextran and hydroxyethyl starch, and having a molecular weight of from about 5,000 to about 2,000,000, to form a covalently bonded chemical complex. The complex has similar oxygen transporting abilities to hemoglobin, and has a much lower rate of renal excretion.