Abstract: In general, the subject matter described herein relates to wettable materials that can be used to expose a liquid phase to a gas phase. An example method includes: providing a material including a polymeric substrate and at least one of: a silicate coating disposed over the polymeric substrate; or a polar mineral additive dispersed within the polymeric substrate at a loading from about 1% to about 25%, by weight; and using the material in a chemical process in which the material is at least partially covered by a liquid phase and the liquid phase is exposed to a gas phase.

Abstract: An apparatus for cleaning solid surfaces includes a housing configured to substantially encapsulate a surface being cleaned, a vacuum port traversing the housing, a high speed rotating coupler assembly rotatably coupled to the housing, a plurality of impeller blades coupled to the high speed rotating coupler, at least one fluid jet coupled to the impeller blades, and at least one air pathway configured to pass input air past the impeller blades to rotatably drive the impeller blades.

Abstract: A valve assembly, includes a first lumen; a second lumen providing fluid communication between a plurality of points in said first lumen; and a ball and spring assembly sealingly disposed in said first lumen between said plurality of points, wherein said spring exerts a force on said ball to seal said first lumen; wherein said valve assembly is configured to oscillate a pressure of a fluid passing through said valve assembly.