Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention provide methods of treating a surface of a substrate. In one particular aspect, embodiments of the present invention provide methods of treating a surface of a substrate that promote binding of one or more metal elements to the surface. According to some embodiments of the invention, films are formed on any conducting, semiconductive or non-conductive surface, by thermal reaction of molecules containing reactive groups in an organic solvent or in aqueous solution. The thermal reaction may be produced under a variety of conditions. In another aspect, the present invention provides a printed circuit board, comprising: at least one substrate; a layer of organic molecules attached to the at least one substrate; and a metal layer atop said layer of organic molecules.