Abstract: Real-time clinical diagnostic expert systems for fluorescent spectrum analysis of tissue cells and methods thereof. An exemplary system includes a set of optical fibers, wherein the first optical fiber introduces an incident light to an subject epidermal tissue, and the second optical fiber receives an auto-fluorescent signal, a set of monochromators, wherein the first monochromator produces the incident light, and the second monochromator produces the auto-fluorescent signal from the second optical fiber, a light detector for detecting the auto-fluorescent signal from the second monochromator, a signal processing unit for plotting a spectrum of the auto-fluorescent signal, and a spectrum analyzing unit comprising a database for analyzing the spectrum with the database to obtain a probability of disease for the subject epidermal tissue.

Abstract: A method and kit is provided for assaying homocysteine in a biological sample containing homocysteine and cysteine. A competing compound with an amino group (—NH2) is mixed with the biological sample. An aldehyde, e.g. o-phthalaldehyde, is added to the biological sample to form homocysteine complex with fluorescence. The concentration of homocysteine in the biological sample is determined according to the fluorescent intensity.