Abstract: A method and/or apparatus for separating a video signal into a luminance signal and a chrominance signal is disclosed. The method first generates a target video signal and a plurality of reference video signals by delaying the video signal, then generates a plurality of intermediate signals such as an HCS, VCS and SLED according to the target signal and the plurality of reference signals, and finally generates the chrominance signal of the video signal by determining the HCS, the VCS, and the SLFD and generates the luminance signal of the video signal according to the chrominance signal of the video signal and the plurality of reference video signals.

Abstract: A mixed-signal-controlled phase-locked loop is provided. This loop includes a mixed-signal-controlled oscillator circuit for generating an oscillating signal having an oscillating frequency and a phase in response to a digital control signal and an analog control signal, a phase-frequency detector circuit electrically connected to the mixed-signal-controlled oscillator circuit, detecting the phase and the oscillating frequency of the oscillating signal and comparing the phase and the oscillating frequency with those of a reference signal to generate an error signal after the phase and oscillating frequency are detected, and a mixed-control-signal-producing circuit electrically connected to the mixed-signal-controlled oscillator circuit and the phase-frequency detector circuit for receiving the error signal to output the analog control signal and the digital control signal to the mixed-signal-controlled oscillator circuit.