Abstract: An apparatus for preparing samples for measurement by x-ray fluorescence spectrometry. A plate has one or more holes passing through the plate. The holes are covered by a film on one side of the plate. The holes are less than 500 micrometers across in one dimension where the film covers the holes. The film is translucent to x-rays.

Abstract: The present invention includes a method and apparatus for measuring the transport of analytes through a cell barrier.

Abstract: The present invention includes a method and apparatus for measuring the removal of analyte from a cell. One or more cells are provided, comprising at least 10 picograms of an analyte within a volume defined by the area of an x-ray excitation beam and a depth of a depth of five times the 1/e attenuation depth for at least one characteristic x-ray signal of the analyte as attenuated by water. At least a of portion of the analyte is removed from the cells; and the analyte is measured using x-ray fluorescence.

Abstract: An apparatus for preparing samples for measurement by x-ray fluorescence spectrometry. A plate has one or more holes passing through the plate. The holes are covered by a film on one side of the plate. The holes are less than 500 micrometers across in one dimension where the film covers the holes. The film is translucent to x-rays.

Abstract: The present invention includes an apparatus for preparing samples for measurement by x-ray fluorescence spectrometry. The apparatus comprises a plate having one or more holes passing through the plate. The holes are covered by a film on one side of the plate. The holes are less than 500 micrometers across in one dimension where the film covers the holes. The film is translucent to x-rays. The present invention also includes an apparatus for preparing samples for measurement by x-ray fluorescence spectrometry. The apparatus comprises a plate having one or more holes passing through the plate. The holes are covered on one side of the plate by a detachable cover forming a water-tight seal against the plate. The cover is substantially free of the elements osmium, yttrium, iridium, phosphorus, zirconium, platinum, gold, niobium, mercury, thallium, molybdenum, sulfur, lead, bismuth, technetium, ruthenium, chlorine, rhodium, palladium, argon, silver, and thorium.

Abstract: The present invention includes a method and apparatus for measuring the transport of analytes through a cell barrier.

Abstract: The present invention includes a method for analyzing reactions. The method includes the steps of providing a solution of at least one acceptor chemical and at least one donor chemical. The donor chemical is capable of donating a chemical moiety to the acceptor chemical. The solution further includes at least one controller chemical that affects the reaction between the donor chemical and the acceptor chemical. The solution is then incubated so that a portion of the acceptor chemical reacts with the donor chemical to form an acceptor product. Unreacted donor chemical is separated from the acceptor product. The acceptor product or the donor chemical is then measured using X-ray fluorescence. Another aspect of the present invention includes a method for analyzing protein function. The method includes the steps of providing a solution of at least one acceptor chemical and at least one donor chemical. The donor chemical is capable of donating a chemical moiety to the acceptor chemical.

Abstract: The present invention includes an apparatus for preparing samples for measurement by x-ray fluorescence spectrometry. The apparatus comprises a plate having one or more holes passing through the plate. The holes are covered by a film on one side of the plate. The holes are less than 500 micrometers across in one dimension where the film covers the holes. The film is translucent to x-rays. The present invention also includes an apparatus for preparing samples for measurement by x-ray fluorescence spectrometry. The apparatus comprises a plate having one or more holes passing through the plate. The holes are covered on one side of the plate by a detachable cover forming a water-tight seal against the plate. The cover is substantially free of the elements osmium, yttrium, iridium, phosphorus, zirconium, platinum, gold, niobium, mercury, thallium, molybdenum, sulfur, lead, bismuth, technetium, ruthenium, chlorine, rhodium, palladium, argon, silver, and thorium.

Abstract: X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometry has been used for detecting binding events and measuring binding selectivities between chemicals and receptors. XRF may also be used for estimating the therapeutic index of a chemical, for estimating the binding selectivity of a chemical versus chemical analogs, for measuring post-translational modifications of proteins, and for drug manufacturing.

Abstract: This invention is an energy generating device adaptable to a “means of rotation” which captures human energy by converting it to usable energy. This process occurs through the conversion of energy from the body to a “means of rotation” to an alternator to a battery. Then, the battery's output energy, which is in the form of direct current (DC), may be sent either to a DC appliance or through an inverter that transforms it into alternating current (AC), which is used by most modern electronics and appliances. This invention overcomes five key elements: an alternator's “turn on speed” (minimum revolutions per minute required for the alternator to begin producing its specified output voltage), torsion force required by the alternator at the “turn on speed”, coefficient of friction required, tension requirements and specific voltage regulation/generation. Energy measuring device(s) may be associated with the energy generating device to measure the voltage output and the amperage output.