Abstract: This invention relates to a pressure sensor comprising a diaphragm and at least one measuring element, which is situated on the diaphragm while serving to measure a deflection of the diaphragm. A holding element is placed on at least one surface of the diaphragm in order to accommodate a seal element, whereby this holding element has a through hole, which faces the diaphragm surface while having a cross-section that corresponds to the outer contour of a seal element to be accommodated.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a flow cell having an endless loop manifold. The flow cell includes at least two inlet channels. The inlet channels are each connectable with a reservoir and controllable by means of valves. The inlet channels end in an inlet chamber. Each of two ends of the inlet chamber is connected with a discharge channel by means of outlet channels. Old fluid remaining in the inlet chamber is displaced into the discharge channel by newly supplied fluid. Dead time waiting until the old fluid has been displaced by the pure new fluid is minimal.

Abstract: The differential pressure sensor is formed of a semiconductor substrate (1) which is thinned out in an inner region into a membrane (2) which may be impinged by pressure on both sides. Measurement resistances (3a to 3d) for detecting the differential pressure (P1 minus P2) are formed within the membrane (2), and compensation resistances (4) are formed on the carrier, which are connected to measurement resistances (3). The measurement resistances (3) are connected into a first measurement bridge (6) and the compensation resistances (4a to 4d) into a second measurement bridge (7).

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a flow cell having an endless loop manifold. The flow cell includes at least two inlet channels. The inlet channels are each connectable with a reservoir and controllable by means of valves. The inlet channels end in an inlet chamber. Each of two ends of the inlet chamber is connected with a discharge channel by means of outlet channels. Old fluid remaining in the inlet chamber is displaced into the discharge channel by newly supplied fluid. Dead time waiting until the old fluid has been displaced by the pure new fluid is minimal.