Abstract: A cleaning system for reducing SOx and particulate matter in exhaust gases from a marine combustion engine, burner or boiler. The cleaning system comprises first and second scrubber process loops having first and second scrubber, respectively, and first and second water circulation tanks, respectively. Water from the first tank is evaporated to water vapor inside the first scrubber by contact with the exhaust gases, whereby the water vapor and the exhaust gases form humid exhaust gases. The humid exhaust gases are transferred to the second scrubber, wherein water from the second tank condensates the water vapor in the humid exhaust gases. A reflux of water from the second scrubber process loop to the first scrubber process loop is provided. At least 60% and more preferred at least 90% of a total amount of alkaline agent supplied to the cleaning system is supplied to the second scrubber process loop.

Abstract: A cleaning system for reducing SOx and particulate matter in exhaust gases from a marine combustion engine, burner or boiler. The cleaning system comprises first and second scrubber process loops having first and second scrubbers, respectively, and first and second water circulation tanks, respectively. Water from the first tank is evaporated to water vapor inside the first scrubber by contact with the exhaust gases, whereby the water vapor and the exhaust gases form humid exhaust gases. The humid exhaust gases are transferred to the second scrubber, wherein water from the second tank condenstaes the water vapor in the humid exhaust gases. A reflux of water from the second scrubber process loop to the first scrubber process loop is provided. At least 60% and more preferred at least 90% of a total amount of alkaline agent supplied to the cleaning system is supplied to the second scrubber process loop.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for removal of SO2 from exhaust gas from a marine engine or a marine boiler of a ship. The exhaust gas from said marine engine or marine boiler is cooled and washed with seawater in a first scrubber section, and subsequently, in a second scrubber section, washed with circulating freshwater with an addition of an alkaline chemical. The circulating freshwater used for washing is warmer than the seawater used for cooling in the first scrubber section. The warmer freshwater is indirectly heat exchanged with cold seawater. The exhaust gas washed in the first scrubber section is passed via a demister unit before it is washed with circulating freshwater in the second scrubber section. The invention further relates to a corresponding scrubber system.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for removal of SO2 from exhaust gas from a marine engine or a marine boiler of a ship. The exhaust gas from said marine engine or marine boiler is cooled and washed with seawater in a first scrubber section, and subsequently, in a second scrubber section, washed with circulating freshwater with an addition of an alkaline chemical. The circulating freshwater used for washing is warmer than the seawater used for cooling in the first scrubber section. The warmer freshwater is indirectly heat exchanged with cold seawater. The exhaust gas washed in the first scrubber section is passed via a demister unit before it is washed with circulating freshwater in the second scrubber section. The invention further relates to a corresponding scrubber system.

Abstract: Manufacturing methods and plants for carrying out methods of manufacturing cement clinker including diverting gases from a separation cyclone for a calcined cement material. The diverted gases are cooled to a temperature of 850° C. or less by introducing raw cement materials into the diverted gas stream.

Abstract: Described is a method as well as a plant for the simultaneous production of electricity and cement clinker by which method cement raw meal is calcined in a calciner (4) subject to simultaneous supply of fuel and combustion air and subsequently burned into cement clinker in a kiln (5), and where some of the heat contained in the exhaust gases from the calciner (4) is utilized to generate electricity by means of a boiler section (18). The method and plant are peculiar in that the combustion air supplied to the calciner (4) does not contain alkali or chloride, and in that the temperature of the exhaust gases used to generate electricity is at least 500° C. Coating formations formed on the boiler tubes due to the condensation of alkali and chloride vapours can be avoided, while, at the same time, the efficiency with which thermal energy can be converted into electrical energy can be increased.

Abstract: A description is given of a burner for introducing solid, liquid or gaseous fuel to a burning zone of a kiln, such as a rotary kiln for manufacturing cement clinker or the like, said burner comprising a number of substantially concentric ducts (1, 2, 3), being parallel to the main axis B3 of the burner, for conveying fuel and primary air to nozzle openings, as well as a number of additional ducts (4, 6, 7, 8) for conveying solid, fluid or gaseous fuel to separate nozzle openings, said additional ducts being located in the central part (10) of the burner. The burner is characterized in that it comprises means (4a, 5) for changing the flow direction of the fuel which is introduced via at least one of the additional ducts in the central part (10) of the burner, relative to the main axis B3 of the burner, at least in an ascending direction. This will allow the individual fuel particles to travel in a curved, approximately ballistic path, thereby extending the time they can be maintained in the flame.

Abstract: Described is a method as well as an apparatus for hydration of a particulate or pulverulent material containing CaO. The method is peculiar in that water is added in a quantity which will ensure that the partial pressure PH2O of the added water as a function of the temperature (° C.) is maintained within the interval defined by the formula (I), where PH2O is the partial pressure of water vapour in atm. and T is the temperature in ° C. Hereby is obtained that the material particles do not lump into agglomerates, and that the particles are hydrated evenly from the outside and inwards so that it is the active surface of the material particles which undergoes hydration in connection with partial hydration. This is due to the fact that the liquid water will not get into contact with the material particles since the water will appear in vapour form within the specified interval.

Abstract: Manufacturing methods and plants for carrying out methods of manufacturing cement clinker including diverting gases from a separation cyclone for a calcined cement material. The diverted gases are cooled to a temperature of 850° C. or less by introducing raw cement materials into the diverted gas stream.

Abstract: Described is a method as well as an apparatus for hydration of a particulate or pulverulent material containing CaO. The method is peculiar in that water is added in a quantity which will ensure that the partial pressure PH2O of the added water as a function of the temperature (° C.) is maintained within the interval defined by the formula (I), where PH2O is the partial pressure of water vapour in atm. and T is the temperature in ° C. Hereby is obtained that the material particles do not lump into agglomerates, and that the particles are hydrated evenly from the outside and inwards so that it is the active surface of the material particles which undergoes hydration in connection with partial hydration. This is due to the fact that the liquid water will not get into contact with the material particles since the water will appear in vapour form within the specified interval.

Abstract: Described is a method for manufacturing cement clinker by which method cement raw meal is preheated and burned in a plant comprising a cyclone preheater (1) and a kiln (5). The method is peculiar in that that at least a portion of the raw meal is extracted from the cyclone preheater (1), that this raw meal is introduced into a separate unit (21) in which it is given a retention time under oxidating conditions provided by means of a gas stream for forming SO2 and for expelling organic carbon, that the formed SO2 and the expelled organic carbon are subsequently discharged from the separate unit (21) entrained in the gas stream for further treatment in a subsequent process stage, and that the raw meal is reintroduced into the cyclone preheater (1). Hereby is obtained an effective reduction of the VOC, CO as well as the SO2 emission without necessitating utilization of additional energy for heating.

Abstract: Described is a method as well as a plant for preheating particulate or pulverulent material such as cement raw meal or similar material in a cyclone preheater (1), comprising at least two cyclone stages, each comprising a riser duct (2a, 2b, 2c, 2d) and a cyclone (1a, 1b, 1c, 1d). The method is peculiar in that a portion of the material which is fed to at least one cyclone stage is introduced to the first part of the riser duct, viewed in the direction of travel of the exhaust gases, and is heated from a temperature of maximum 450° C. to a temperature of at least 550° C., and in that the remaining material which is fed to the same cyclone stage is introduced into the last part of the said riser duct. As a result, there will be a reduction in the amount of SO2 which is discharged from the cement plant preheater as emission, without a simultaneous increase in energy consumption.