Abstract: A reaction chamber may comprise a reaction chamber volume enclosed within the reaction chamber; a susceptor configured to support a substrate disposed in the reaction chamber volume; a reaction space above the susceptor, and a lower chamber space below the susceptor, within the reaction chamber volume; and/or a sealing system causing the reaction space and the lower chamber space to be at least partially fluidly separate. A sealing system may comprise a spacer plate surrounding and coupled to the susceptor; and/or a spring coupled to the spacer plate and the susceptor having a spring bias toward a compressed position or an extended position, such that the spring bias facilitates creation of at least a partial seal between the spacer plate and the susceptor, causing at least partial fluid separation between the reaction space and the lower chamber space as the susceptor moves up and down within the reaction chamber.

Abstract: Reactor systems and methods for forming a layer comprising indium gallium zinc oxide are disclosed. The layer comprising indium gallium zinc oxide can be formed using one or more reaction chambers of a process module.

Abstract: Describe is a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) device mounted within a heated sample chamber. The sample chamber temperature is maintained about 10° C. to about 30° C. greater than the temperature of the precursor vessel. The sample chamber is connected to the precursor delivery line and includes a high temperature valve and a flow pathway to foreline with a high temperature valve to permit removal of excess material. The QCM device includes a heater and gas cooling channel allowing the device to be maintained at a temperature about 10° C. to about 30° C. less than the temperature of the precursor vessel.

Abstract: Describe is a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) device mounted within a heated sample chamber. The sample chamber temperature is maintained about 10° C. to about 30° C. greater than the temperature of the precursor vessel. The sample chamber is connected to the precursor delivery line and includes a high temperature valve and a flow pathway to foreline with a high temperature valve to permit removal of excess material. The QCM device includes a heater and gas cooling channel allowing the device to be maintained at a temperature about 10° C. to about 30° C. less than the temperature of the precursor vessel.

Abstract: Showerhead assemblies, gas distribution plates, and systems including the same are disclosed. Exemplary showerhead assemblies include a gas distribution plate. Exemplary gas distribution plates include apertures designed to direct a flow of gas and to reduce stagnation of gas on surfaces of the plates.

Abstract: A method to deposit a passivating layer of a first material on an interior reactor surface of a cold or warm wall reactor, in which the first material is non-reactive with one or more precursor used to form a second materials. Subsequently when a film layer is deposited on a substrate by subjecting the substrate to the one or more precursors, in which at least one precursor has a low vapor pressure, uniformity and repeatability is improved by the passivation layer.

Abstract: A method to deposit a passivating layer of a first material on an interior reactor surface of a cold or warm wall reactor, in which the first material is non-reactive with one or more precursors used to form a second material. Subsequently when a film layer is deposited on a substrate by subjecting the substrate to the one or more precursors, in which at least one precursor has a low vapor pressure, uniformity and repeatability is improved by the passivation layer.