Abstract: This invention relates to thickened high-viscosity water based hydraulic fluids. Such fluids are prepared by blending water, organic thickener and conventional hydraulic fluid additives. Organic thickeners tend to lose their thickening effect with time, and particularly when subjected to oxidizing agents, heat, prolonged use in a pump, etc. In accordance with the instant invention, preservation of the thickener, particularly with respect to viscosity loss, is achieved by blending with the final fluid a fluid concentrate, or the thickener itself, a compound selected from the group consisting of ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, propylene glycol polymers and copolymers containing at least 50 percent by weight of oxypropylene groups, a dimercaptothiadiazole, neodecanoic acid, a hindered phenol antioxidant and mixtures thereof.

Abstract: A transmission apparatus includes a large number of selectable gear ratios. The transmission apparatus includes first and second primary gears mounted on rotatable shafts having offset axes of rotation. A plurality of pairs of secondary gears, each including first and second secondary gears, selectively engage the first and second primary gears. The first and second secondary gears of one of the pairs of secondary gears are selectively coupled together and engage the first and second primary gears to transmit power from a power source at a predetermined gear ratio to drive a load.

Abstract: Antifreeze compositions and a process for inhibiting the corrosion of aluminum in contact with aqueous liquids are disclosed. The antifreeze compositions comprise a combination of an alkanolamine, an alkali metal phosphate, a heterocyclic nitrogen compound, as defined, and a conventional corrosion inhibitor in effective corrosion inhibiting amounts. The aqueous liquid can be an alcohol such as ethylene glycol.

Abstract: In accordance with the instant invention, a water-based hydraulic fluid, having improved low foaming properties can be obtained by blending 2-ethylhexanol with a conventional water-based hydraulic fluid composition.

Abstract: Corrosion inhibited alcohol compositions can be prepared which are suitable for use as anti-freeze compositions in the cooling systems of internal combustion engines. The alcohol is selected from at least one of the group consisting of methanol, ethanol, propanol, ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, propylene glycol and glycerol. The corrosion inhibitor comprises an effective amount of a conventional corrosion inhibitor selected from the group consisting of the alkali metal carbonates, borax, the alkali metal dichromates, the alkali metal silicates, phosphorous acid, phosphoric acid, an alkali metal tungstate, benzotriazole, tolyltriazole, an alkali metal salt of benzoic or toluic acid, an alkali metal salt of a phenol, an alkanolamine and an organo-silicone compound in addition to an alkanolamine phosphate and a heterocyclic nitrogen-containing compound. The phosphate is the reaction product of an alkanolamine and phosphoric acid.

Abstract: Hydraulic fluids or metalworking lubricants are prepared utilizing mixture of water and, as lubricants and corrosion inhibitors, an alkyl dialkanolamide, a polyoxyethylene ester, and an ethoxylated alkylaryl phosphate ester. The compositions have improved extreme pressure lubricating and wear preventing characteristics and are non-flammable. The compositions can be thickened if desired using a polyglycol-type thickener and can contain conventional corrosion inhibiting and extreme pressure lubricating additives known in the prior art. Stable concentrates comprising a phosphate ester, a polyoxyethylene ether, and an alkyl alkanolamide can be prepared.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the use, as a hydraulic fluid or metalworking lubricant, of compositions having water as a base and yet possessing superior lubricating and wear preventing characteristics. The fluids of the invention comprise (1) a sulfurized molybdenum or antimony compound and (2) a phosphate ester or salt thereof. The compositions can be thickened, if desired, using for instance polyglycol, polyacrylic and polyvinyl alcohol-type thickeners. The use of corrosion inhibitors, metal deactivators and other adjuvants conventional in this art is also contemplated.

Abstract: Water-based hydraulic fluids and metalworking lubricants are disclosed which are thickened with a polyether polyol having a molecular weight of about 1000 to about 75,000 modified with an alpha-olefin epoxide having about 12 to about 18 carbon atoms. Unexpectedly, synergistic thickening results from a combination of said polyether polyol with the components of a water-based hydraulic fluid or metalworking lubricant. The particularly effective components of the hydraulic fluid or metalworking lubricant are the phosphate ester and water-soluble amine corrosion inhibitor components. The hydraulic fluid and metalworking fluids of the invention also contain a water-soluble polyoxyethylated ester of an aliphatic acid and a monohydric or polyhydric aliphatic alcohol, either one or both said acid and said alcohol being polyoxyethylated, a sulfurized molybdenum or antimony compound and a metal deactivator as well as other adjuvants conventional in this art.

Abstract: Tertiary, cyclic, bridgehead amines are disclosed as useful corrosion inhibitors for metals in contact with aqueous alkaline liquids. The disclosed amines have been found to be strongly resistant to thermal decomposition, to chemical attack, and to nitrosation. The use of these corrosion inhibitors is particularly desirable in aqueous alcohol compositions useful as a heat exchange liquid in the cooling systems of an internal combustion engine wherein said aqueous solutions are ethylene glycol-based compositions. The disclosed amines are useful under alkaline conditions alone or in combination with conventional corrosion inhibitors such as water-soluble metal salts of tolyltriazole and phosphoric acid, alkali metal nitrites and nitrates, and alkali metal phosphates.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the use, as a hydraulic fluid or metalworking lubricant, of compositions having water as a base and yet possessing superior lubricating and wear preventing characteristics. The fluids of the invention comprise (1) a water-soluble polyoxyethylated ester of an aliphatic acid and a monohydric or polyhydric aliphatic alcohol, either one or both said acid and said alcohol being polyoxyethylated (2) a sulfurized molybdenum or antimony compound or alternatively mixtures of (1) and (2) with (3) a phosphate ester. The compositions can be thickened, if desired, using for instance polyglycol, polyacrylic and polyvinyl alcohol type thickeners. The use of corrosion inhibitors, metal deactivators and other adjuvants conventional in this art is also contemplated.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the use, as hydraulic fluids or metalworking lubricants, of compositions having water as a base and improved extreme pressure lubricating and wear-preventing characteristics. The hydraulic fluids of the invention are nonflammable and comprise a synergistic combination of a phosphate ester and a sulfur-containing compound. The compositions can be thickened, if desired, using a polyglycol type thickener and can contain additives known to the art such as defoamers and corrosion inhibitors. Stable concentrates comprising the phosphate ester and sulfur-containing compound can be prepared.