Abstract: Compositions comprising miR-690 and methods of employing the compositions are provided.

Abstract: Diagnostic, prognostic, and treatment methods, compositions, and kits for enhancing insulin secretion and beta cell numbers and functions, and controlling glycemia associated with diabetes, obesity, atherosclerosis, stroke, myocardial infarction, and other cardiovascular diseases, by modulating FKN/CX3CR1 expression levels or activities, and its downstream signaling pathways in a subject in need or at risk.

Abstract: Diagnostic, prognostic, and treatment methods, compositions, and kits for enhancing insulin secretion and beta cell numbers and functions, and controlling glycemia associated with diabetes, obesity, atherosclerosis, stroke, myocardial infarction, and other cardiovascular diseases, by modulating FKN/CX3CR1 expression levels or activities, and its downstream signaling pathways in a subject in need or at risk.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods of treating a ?-arrestin2 mediated and/or GPR120 mediated response in a subject. The ?-arrestin2 mediated and/or GPR120 mediated response can be inflammation, including diabetes, inflammation associated with obesity and obesity. The methods can comprise administering to a subject a therapeutically effective amount of a compound predicted to bind a ?-arrestin2 molecule and/or GPR120, wherein the compound selectively activates a ?-arrestin2-dependent signaling pathway of GPR120.

Abstract: Diagnostic, prognostic, and treatment methods, compositions, and kits for enhancing insulin secretion and beta cell numbers and functions, and controlling glycemia associated with diabetes, obesity, atherosclerosis, stroke, myocardial infarction, and other cardiovascular diseases, by modulating FKN/CX3CR1 expression levels or activities, and its downstream signaling pathways in a subject in need or at risk.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods of treating a ?-arrestin2 mediated and/or GPR120 mediated response in a subject. The ?-arrestin2 mediated and/or GPR120 mediated response can be inflammation, including diabetes, inflammation associated with obesity and obesity. The methods can comprise administering to a subject a therapeutically effective amount of a compound predicted to bind a ?-arrestin2 molecule and/or GPR120, wherein the compound selectively activates a ?-arrestin2-dependent signaling pathway of GPR120.

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to the Tlr4 signaling pathway specifically in the hematopoietic system and its contribution to insulin resistance of liver and adipose tissue. The hematopoietic component expressing Tlr4 is a principle propagator of immune signaling and results in insulin resistance. Furthermore, disclosed herein are methods and compositions for treating or preventing disorders associated with insulin resistance using a Tlr4 antagonist.

Abstract: The invention herein provides a mode of treating metabolic syndrome, which includes Type 2 diabetes mellitus and insulin resistance in human and other subjects by identifying and administering an insulin sensitizing compound which modulates GRK2 function in the insulin signaling pathway. The invention also provides polynucleotides, polypeptides, vectors, cells, tissues and organisms useful in the identification and treatment of metabolic syndrome. A number of desirable insulin sensitizing aspects are achieved by various embodiments of the present invention.

Abstract: Methods and compositions are provided for the treatment of insulin-resistance through the inhibition of protein kinase C-mediated phosphorylation of the amino acid residue Ser1270 of the insulin receptor. Methods for testing candidate compounds suitable for inhibition of serine-phosphorylation by protein kinase C are also provided.

Abstract: Methods and compositions are provided for the treatment of insulin-resistance through the inhibition of protein kinase C-mediated phosphorylation of the amino acid residue Ser1270 of the insulin receptor. Methods for testing candidate compounds suitable for inhibition of serine-phosphorylation by protein kinase C are also provided.

Abstract: A screening method for identifying compositions which affect the binding of protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) to phosphorylated insulin receptor is provided. This method measures a composition's ability to inhibit binding of PTP1B to the .beta.-subunit of the insulin receptor rather than phosphatase activity in general. Also provided are specific phosphopeptides which affect the binding of protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) to phosphorylated insulin receptor.

Abstract: Novel methods of using thiazolidinone derivatives and related antihyperglycemic agents to treat populations exhibiting insulin resistent non-impaired glucose tolerance (IRNIGT) in order to prevent or delay the onset of noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) and complications arising therefrom are disclosed.