Abstract: A combination tool of the locknut wrench type, which includes a leveling device and a screwdriver blade on the opposite end. The locknut head and screwdriver ends may be interchanged depending on the size locknut wrench needed and the type of screwdriver needed.

Abstract: A combination tool of the locknut wrench type, which includes a leveling device and a screwdriver blade on the opposite end. The locknut head and screwdriver ends may be interchanged depending on the size locknut wrench needed and the type of screwdriver needed.

Abstract: A method and system is provided for producing acetic acid by the catalytic carbonylation of methanol with carbon monoxide to obtain a reaction product stream comprising acetic acid and a minor amount of acetaldehyde. The acetaldehyde content in the reaction product stream is reduced by oxidation to convert at least a portion of the acetaldehyde in the stream to acetic acid or further to CO2 and H2O. The oxidized stream may then be directed to the purification section, the reaction section, or both whereby the deleterious effects of acetaldehyde are reduced. Advantage of the present invention over conventional processes is the reduced need to dispose of acetaldehyde as waste and improved overall system efficiency in the production of acetic acid.

Abstract: A low energy process for producing acetic acid by the carbonylation of methanol is disclosed. The process involves a rhodium-catalyzed system operated at less than about 14% water utilizing up to 2 distillation columns. The process is preferably controlled such that the product stream has a low level of propionic acid impurity and the level of aldehyde impurities is minimized by way of aldehyde removal or minimizing aldehyde generation. The level of iodides is controlled by contacting the product, at elevated temperatures, with ion exchange resins. In preferred embodiments, at least one silver or mercury exchanged macroreticular strong acid ion exchange resin is used to purify the product. The high temperature treatment provides the added benefit of controlling the Color Value (Pt—Co units) of the product stream.

Abstract: A method and system is provided for producing acetic acid by the catalytic carbonylation of methanol with carbon monoxide to obtain a reaction product stream comprising acetic acid and a minor amount of acetaldehyde. The acetaldehyde content in the reaction product stream is reduced by oxidation to convert at least a portion of the acetaldehyde in the stream to acetic acid or further to CO2 and H2O. The oxidized stream may then be directed to the purification section, the reaction section, or both whereby the deleterious effects of acetaldehyde are reduced. Advantage of the present invention over conventional processes is the reduced need to dispose of acetaldehyde as waste and improved overall system efficiency in the production of acetic acid.

Abstract: A catalyst for the production of vinyl acetate by reaction of ethylene, oxygen and acetic acid comprising a porous support on the porous surfaces of which is deposited catalytically effective amounts of metallic palladium and gold, said catalyst having been prepared by steps comprising impregnating a porous support, the porous surfaces of which contain a catalytically effective amount of a prereduced metallic palladium, with a solution of potassium aurate, and reducing the potassium aurate to a catalytically effective amount of metallic gold. Alternate embodiments are also disclosed.

Abstract: A low energy process for producing acetic acid by the carbonylation of methanol is disclosed. The process involves a rhodium-catalyzed system operated at less than about 14% water utilizing up to 2 distillation columns. The process is preferably controlled such that the product stream has a low level of propionic acid impurity and the level of aldehyde impurities is minimized by way of aldehyde removal or minimizing aldehyde generation. The level of iodides is controlled by contacting the product, at elevated temperatures, with ion exchange resins. In preferred embodiments, at least one silver or mercury exchanged macroreticular strong acid ion exchange resin is used to purify the product. The high temperature treatment provides the added benefit of controlling the Color Value (Pt—Co units) of the product stream.

Abstract: A catalyst for the production of vinyl acetate by reaction of ethylene, oxygen and acetic acid comprising a porous support on the porous surfaces of which is deposited catalytically effective amounts of metallic palladium and gold, said catalyst having been prepared by steps comprising impregnating a porous support, the porous surfaces of which contain a catalytically effective amount of a prereduced metallic palladium, with a solution of potassium aurate, and reducing the potassium aurate to a catalytically effective amount of metallic gold. Alternate embodiments are also disclosed.

Abstract: A catalyst for the production of vinyl acetate by reaction of ethylene, oxygen and acetic acid comprising a porous support on the porous surfaces of which is deposited catalytically effective amounts of metallic palladium and gold, said catalyst having been prepared by steps comprising impregnating a porous support, the porous surfaces of which contain a catalytically effective amount of a prereduced metallic palladium, with a solution of potassium aurate, and reducing the potassium aurate to a catalytically effective amount of metallic gold. Alternate embodiments are also disclosed.

Abstract: A process for treating a composition containing a substantial proportion of trimethyflolpropane bis-monolinear formal (TMP-BMLF) or trimethylolethane bis-monolinear formal (TME-BMLF), e.g., a heavy ends residue obtained from the purification of a crude trimethylolpropane (TMP) or trimethylolethane (TME) product, wherein the composition is contacted at an elevated temperature with a strong acid catalyst, e.g., methanesulfonic acid, to produce a composition containing significantly increased amounts of TMP and trimethylolpropane monocyclic formal (TMP-MCF) or TME and trimethylolethane monocyclic formal (TME-MCF) respectively. Also disclosed is a process for reacting TMP-MCF or TME-MCF, either in substantially pure form or as present in the light ends overhead stream obtained in a finishing treatment of crude TMP or TME, with a monohydric or dihydric alcohol, e.g., ethylene glycol, in the presence of a strong acid catalyst to obtain additional TMP or TME and an acetal by-product, e.g.

Abstract: A catalyst effective for the production of vinyl acetate by reaction of ethylene, oxygen and acetic acid, comprising a porous support on the porous surfaces of which is deposited catalytically effective amounts of metallic palladium and gold, and prepared by steps comprising impregnating the support with one or more aqueous solutions of water-soluble compounds of the metals, fixing the metals on the support as water-insoluble compounds in one or more fixing steps by reaction with an appropriate alkaline compound, and reducing the water-insoluble compounds of the catalytically active metals to their free metallic form in one or more reducing steps, at least one of the said reducing steps being carried out in an aqueous medium containing a reducing agent dissolved therein or through which a gaseous reducing agent is bubbled, and in which the support containing the fixed water-insoluble metal compounds is immersed, while sonicating, i.e., applying ultrasound waves to, such aqueous medium.

Abstract: A catalyst for the production of vinyl acetate by reaction of ethylene, oxygen and acetic acid comprising a porous support on the porous surfaces of which is deposited catalytically effective amounts of metallic palladium and gold, and cupric acetate. Use of this catalyst results in a reaction having a relatively low selectivity to carbon dioxide.

Abstract: A method of removing organic iodides from non-aqueous organic media includes contacting the organic media with a silver or mercury-exchanged cationic ion exchange substrate at a temperature greater than about 50° C. The method is particularly effective for removing high molecular weight organic iodides from organic media such as acetic acid or acetic anhydride. Particular species removed include decyl iodides and dodecyl iodides from organic media such as acetic acid.

Abstract: A catalyst for the production of vinyl acetate by reaction of ethylene, oxygen and acetic acid comprising a porous support on the porous surfaces of which is deposited catalytically effective amounts of metallic palladium and gold, and cupric acetate. Use of this catalyst results in a reaction having a relatively low selectivity to carbon dioxide.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for the production of vinyl acetate by reaction of ethylene, oxygen and acetic acid as reactants comprising contacting said reactants and a non-halogen containing copper compound with a catalyst comprising a porous support on the porous surfaces of which is deposited catalytically effective amounts of metallic palladium, gold and copper. During the process to prepare vinyl acetate, a stream of alkali metal acetate is preferably passed over the catalyst. The process results in higher vinyl acetate selectivity and productivity due to lower CO.sub.2 selectivity during the life of the catalyst, and/or longer catalyst life.

Abstract: This invention provides a heterogeneous bimetallic palladium-gold catalyst for vinyl acetate production from ethylene, acetic acid and oxygen. An invention catalyst is prepared by forming a first shell dispersion coating of colloidal palladium on the catalyst support surface, and super-imposing a second shell dispersion coating of colloidal gold metal on the catalyst support surface. An organometallic gold compound is employed to apply the gold dispersion on the catalyst support surface. The organometallic gold compound does not require a fixing procedure, which normally is the cause of low gold metal retention. A preferred invention palladium-gold catalyst has a high gold metal retention, and exhibits durability and long term selectivity in vinyl acetate production.

Abstract: Rhenium has been found to be formaldehyde resistant catalyst and is thus useful in the catalytic hydrogenation of carbonyls, acetals and esters to alcohols when the reaction medium contains formaldehyde as a reactant or impurity. Also, rhenium is a useful catalyst in the hydrogenolysis of acylic acetals to alcohols.

Abstract: Novel oxymethylene graft polymers are obtained by grafting, via Michael addition, an amine functional polymer onto an oxymethylene backbone having pendant acrylate or substituted acrylate ester groups serving as reactive sites for the graft reaction.

Abstract: This invention pertains to the addition of an alkyl alcohol to an alkyl acrylate to form alkyl 3-alkoxy propanoate catalyzed by a strong acid catalyst. The process has sepcific application in the addition of ethanol to ethyl acrylate to form ethyl 3-ethoxy propanoate.

Abstract: Novel oxymethylene graft polymers are obtained by grafting a functional compound (i.e., a polymer or compound having one or two hydroxyl, carboxyl, or amine functional groups) onto an oxymethylene backbone having pendant hydroxyl groups which serve as reactive sites for the graft reaction with diisocyanate coupling agents.