Abstract: A kit comprising two reagents for conducting two different Assays to measure a zinc-activated enzyme in a bodily fluid. The assay results are utilized to obtain a relative zinc-activated enzyme activity value that can be correlated to tissue zinc levels. A more specific embodiment utilizes two paired reagents for conducting an A Assay and a B Assay that measure different alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities in a urine sample to obtain a Relative Renal Alkaline Phosphatase Activity (RRAPA) value. The RRAPA value can be correlated to zinc levels in renal tissue.

Abstract: The problem of detecting whether a urine sample is true human urine or a counterfeit urine product is solved by the use of reagent systems that detect two markers normally present in human urine. The markers acid phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase catalyze the substrates thymolphthalein monophosphate and p-nitrophenol phosphate, respectively. These substrates are formulated as spot tests on a dip stick or as reagents for use in automated chemical analyzers. The presence of the markers can be qualitatively detected by color-changes in the sample, formed by the pH-specific chromogens that result from catalysis of the substrates with the markers. The control reagent can further indicate whether a counterfeit urine product contains one or both of the chromogens.

Abstract: Assays and methods for verifying the validity of a urine sample submitted for Drugs of Abuse (DOA) testing. Embodiments include a SUD Diagnostic Panel that includes six assays: specific gravity index assay, long-duration counterfeit urine assay, short-duration counterfeit urine assay, oxidant history assay, pH assay, and creatinine assay. The SUD Diagnostic Panel detects twelve principle classes of adulteration. Detection of adulteration of one or more urine samples from a patient indicates an attempt to subvert test results and provides an objective indication in one instance and an object diagnosis in another instance of SUD.

Abstract: Assays and methods for verifying the validity of a urine sample submitted for Drugs of Abuse (DOA) testing. Embodiments include a SUD Diagnostic Panel that includes six assays: specific gravity index assay, long-duration counterfeit urine assay, short-duration counterfeit urine assay, oxidant history assay, pH assay, and creatinine assay. The SUD Diagnostic Panel detects twelve principle classes of adulteration. Detection of adulteration of one or more urine samples from a patient indicates an attempt to subvert test results and provides an objective indication in one instance and an object diagnosis in another instance of SUD.

Abstract: The problem of detecting whether a urine sample is true human urine or a counterfeit urine product is solved by the use of reagent systems that detect two markers normally present in human urine. The markers acid phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase catalyze the substrates thymolphthalein monophosphate and p-nitrophenol phosphate, respectively. These substrates are formulated as spot tests on a dip stick or as reagents for use in automated chemical analyzers. The presence of the markers can be qualitatively detected by color-changes in the sample, formed by the pH-specific chromogens that result from catalysis of the substrates with the markers. The control reagent can further indicate whether a counterfeit urine product contains one or both of the chromogens.

Abstract: Assays and methods for verifying the validity of a urine sample submitted for Drugs of Abuse (DOA) testing. Embodiments include a SUD Diagnostic Panel that includes six assays: specific gravity index assay, long-duration counterfeit urine assay, short-duration counterfeit urine assay, oxidant history assay, pH assay, and creatinine assay. The SUD Diagnostic Panel detects twelve principle classes of adulteration. Detection of adulteration of one or more urine samples from a patient indicates an attempt to subvert test results and provides an objective indication in one instance and an object diagnosis in another instance of SUD.

Abstract: Reagents and methods for using automated laboratory equipment to determine whether the specific gravity of a urine sample is out of normal range as an indication of adulteration. The sodium (Na+) and potassium (K+) normally found in a urine sample can be used as markers. A sodium-potassium dependent ?-galactosidase can be utilized with o-nitrophenylgalactoside (o-NPG) which is cleaved into o-nitrophenol, which turns the sample yellow. The sample can be analyzed by spectrophotometry methods utilized in most clinical analyzers at a pre-determined primary wavelength to obtain a Specific gravity Index (SGI). Measurements of the SGI that are outside a known normal range can indicate that the sample integrity has been compromised.

Abstract: The problem of confirming the presence of an adulterant in a urine sample is solved by the use of a reagent capable of reacting with uric acid and non-urate markers in a urine sample. In one embodiment, a phosphotungtate reagent is used to react with the urine sample to create a blue coloration in the presence of uric acid or uric acid equivalents. A reduction or elimination of the blue coloration, resulting in a reduction in the light absorbance, of the urine sample can be used as an indicator of the historical presence of an adulterant. An Oxidant History test can also be generated using the phosphostungtate reagent, wherein the light absorbance resulting from the blue coloration is measured over time, with a measured reduction in the absorbance being an indication that an adulterant is or has been present in the urine sample and is oxidizing the uric acid and non-urate markers over time.

Abstract: The problem of confirming the presence of an adulterant in a urine sample is solved by the use of a reagent capable of reacting with uric acid and non-urate markers in a urine sample. In one embodiment, a phosphotungtate reagent is used to react with the urine sample to create a blue coloration in the presence of uric acid or uric acid equivalents. A reduction or elimination of the blue coloration, resulting in a reduction in the light absorbance, of the urine sample can be used as an indicator of the historical presence of an adulterant. An Oxidant History test can also be generated using the phosphostungtate reagent, wherein the light absorbance resulting from the blue coloration is measured over time, with a measured reduction in the absorbance being an indication that an adulterant is or has been present in the urine sample and is oxidizing the uric acid and non-urate markers over time.

Abstract: The problem of confirming the presence of an adulterant in a urine sample is solved by the use of a reagent capable of reacting with uric acid and non-urate markers in a urine sample. In one embodiment, a phosphotungtate reagent is used to react with the urine sample to create a blue coloration in the presence of uric acid or uric acid equivalents. A reduction or elimination of the blue coloration, resulting in a reduction in the light absorbance, of the urine sample can be used as an indicator of the historical presence of an adulterant. An Oxidant History test can also be generated using the phosphostungtate reagent, wherein the light absorbance resulting from the blue coloration is measured over time, with a measured reduction in the absorbance being an indication that an adulterant is or has been present in the urine sample and is oxidizing the uric acid and non-urate markers over time.

Abstract: Reagents and methods for using automated laboratory equipment to determine whether the specific gravity of a urine sample is out of normal range as an indication of adulteration. The sodium (Na+) and potassium (K+) normally found in a urine sample can be used as markers. A sodium-potassium dependent ?-galactosidase can be utilized with o-nitrophenylgalactoside (o-NPG) which is cleaved into o-nitrophenol, which turns the sample yellow. The sample can be analyzed by spectrophotometry methods utilized in most clinical analyzers at a pre-determined primary wavelength to obtain a Specific gravity Index (SGI). Measurements of the SGI that are outside a known normal range can indicate that the sample integrity has been compromised.

Abstract: The problem of confirming the presence of an adulterant in a urine sample is solved by the use of a reagent capable of reacting with uric acid and non-urate markers in a urine sample. In one embodiment, a phosphotungtate reagent is used to react with the urine sample to create a blue coloration in the presence of uric acid or uric acid equivalents. A reduction or elimination of the blue coloration, resulting in a reduction in the light absorbance, of the urine sample can be used as an indicator of the historical presence of an adulterant. An Oxidant History test can also be generated using the phosphostungtate reagent, wherein the light absorbance resulting from the blue coloration is measured over time, with a measured reduction in the absorbance being an indication that an adulterant is or has been present in the urine sample and is oxidizing the uric acid and non-urate markers over time.

Abstract: Methods for assay of both total bilirubin and direct bilirubin in a sample. The inventive methods enable the amounts of total and direct (conjugated) bilirubin to be colorimetrically measured in about 5 minutes, and do not require the precipitation and removal of potentially interfering substances such as proteins prior to analysis. Novel stable reagents that solubilize the bilirubin and interfering substances are also provided. A novel total bilirubin reagent causes the oxidation of the total bilirubin in the sample, and the formation of a light-absorbing bilirubin chromophore detectable in the near-infrared region of the spectrum. A novel direct bilirubin reagent causes the oxidation of the direct bilirubin in the sample, and the formation of a light-absorbing bilirubin chromophore detectable in the near-infrared region of the spectrum, whereas the chromophore formed by the unconjugated bilirubin is substantially colorless.

Abstract: A method utilizing a novel reagent for the assay (determination)of serum iron.The serum iron assay reagent is a single, stable reagent, which includes the chromogen chromazurol B (CAB), chromazurol S (CAS), or an alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, rubidium or ammonium base addition salt of CAB or CAS, a surfactant that forms a ternary complex with iron and the chromogen, a buffer, and dimethylsulfoxide.

Abstract: A single, stable reagent and automatable methods utilizing the reagent for the assay of calcium in serum and aqueous samples, such as urine. (Aqueous samples contain little or no protein.) The reagent includes arsenazo III, 8-hydroxyquinoline, a buffer that does not bind calcium competitively with arsenazo III and that provides a reagent pH from about 8.5 to about 10, the buffer being in sufficient amount to maintain pH within +/- 0.1 pH units of the reagent pH when the reagent is added to a sample of unknown calcium content, dimethylsulfoxide and water. Importantly, dimethylsulfoxide permits the incorporation of 8-hydroxyquinoline into a single, stable reagent, which is at an alkaline pH that is optimal for calcium measurement by the calcium-arsenazo III complex. 8-Hydroxyquinoline eliminates assay interference due to magnesium ion. Also, at least one non-ionic surfactant in sufficient amount to minimize lipid turbidity may be added to the reagent.

Abstract: An improved assay method and reagent composition for the determination of magnesium in a fluid sample by reaction with an alkaline buffered solution of calmagite, in which caffeine and preferably also thiourea have been included, thereby achieving parity between protein-free and protein-containing samples while eliminating the need for cyanide.

Abstract: A colorimetric assay method and stabilized working reagents for the determination of magnesium in which an alkaline reagent containing a dye to complex magnesium reacts directly with the sample, requiring no protein-removal steps and no addition of substances to artificially correct for absorption differences of the metallized and free dye due to the presence of protein. The dye is either Calmagite or Eriochrome Black T. The reagent is buffered so that the pH is greater than about 9.0; the relative Van Slyke buffer value .beta.' of the reagent is greater than 1.

Abstract: An improved triglyceride assay and reagent system which provides the introduction of iron into a reaction mixture in which glycerol from hydrolyzed triglycerides is coupled to a NAD/NADH indicator system, and measuring the resultant change of the oxidation state of the iron by use of an iron chelator, thereby improving the sensitivity and performance of the assay.

Abstract: The discovery of 9-(2-pyridyl)-acenaphtho[1,2-e]-as-triazine and its sulfonated form, having particular advantages when used as both a chelator and indicator of ferrous ions in organic or aqueous mediums; a process for the synthesis of those compounds in which hydrazine is used as both a reactant and as a solvent in production of intermediate compounds, eliminating the need of ethanol and the disadvantageous ether-extraction step; the use of N,N-dimethylformamide as a reaction solvent in the production of triazines; the use of the new triazine compounds to measure iron, transferrin, and UIBC/TIBC in biological systems; the use of dimethylsulfoxide and certain processes to eliminate the interferences commonly encountered in these assays; and the use of the triazine compounds to measure both total and/or reduced iron in a variety of matrices.

Abstract: The discovery of 9-(2-pyridyl)-acenaphtho[ 1,2-e]-as-triazine and its sulfonated form, having particular advantages when used as both a chelator and indicator of ferrous ions in organic or aqueous mediums; a process for the synthesis of those compounds in which hydrazine is used as both a reactant and as a solvent in production of intermediate compounds, eliminating the need of ethanol and the disadvantageous ether-extraction step; the use of N,N-dimethylformamide as a reaction solvent in the production of triazines; the use of the new triazine compounds to measure iron, transferrin, and UIBC/TIBC in biological systems; the use of dimethylsulfoxide and certain processes to eliminate interferences commonly encountered in these assays; and the use of the triazine compounds to measure both total and/or reduced iron in a variety of matrices.