Abstract: Systems and methods for cell electroporation and molecular delivery using an intelligent, feedback controlled, microscale electroporation system for transfecting single cells.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for promoting the delivery of a molecule across a cell membrane comprises delivering a molecule to a delivery site of a region of tissue surrounding the cell membrane. A suction component applies a suction through a suction tip that surrounds the surface of the delivery site creating a seal to promote delivery of the molecule across the cell membrane. The application of the suction is controlled to create a predetermined negative pressure for a predetermined period of time before releasing the negative pressure. Suction is used to enhance permeabilization and transfection of cells. The technique can be used to enhance the uptake and subsequent transfection and expression of plasmid DNA vaccines, mRNA vaccines and other nucleic acid molecules, that are introduced subcutaneously. It can be used in combination with coated microneedles.

Abstract: Systems and methods for cell electroporation and molecular delivery using an intelligent, feedback controlled, microscale electroporation system for transfecting single cells.

Abstract: Systems and methods for cell electroporation and molecular delivery using an intelligent, feedback controlled, microscale electroporation system for transfecting single cells.

Abstract: Systems and methods for cell electroporation and molecular delivery using an intelligent, feedback controlled, microscale electroporation system for transfecting single cells.

Abstract: Two light beams from respective light-emitting devices (e.g., lasers or lamps) cross each other and strike a surface (e.g., of a fluid) at respective oblique orientations relative to the surface (e.g., oblique but nearly vertical orientations that are equal and opposite to each other). A camera captures the surface scattering of the beams in a photographic “double-beam” image containing two respective photographic forms corresponding to the two respective surface scattering locations. The measured distance between the two photographic forms is trigonometrically indicative of the height and slope of the surface in the vicinity of the two surface scattering locations. Some inventive embodiments effect “single-beam” images that are trigonometrically indicative of height only. Plural (e.g.

Abstract: An illuminator (e.g., laser) produces a light beam that partially passes through, and is partially blocked by, a mask contrastingly patterned via non-transparent and transparent portions. The mask-conformed light passes through a lens so that the mask's pattern is projected into fluid seeded with a luminescent substance, which illuminatively reveals an image of the mask's pattern. The light beam can also be expanded and/or diffused prior to reaching the mask. Instead of or in addition to transmissive properties, the mask can have reflective properties wherein the illuminator-produced light beam partially bounces off of, and is partially absorbed by, a mask contrastingly patterned via non-reflective and reflective portions. Reflective optics can supplement or replace refractive optics for projecting the mask's pattern into the fluid.