Abstract: A chemiresistive sensor has a low limit for detecting NO2 at ambient temperature. An active layer of the sensor includes a few-layer graphene material. The response of the sensor is not altered by relative humidity, and the sensor also demonstrates very low interference with ammonia, allowing this interference to be disregarded in the measurements.

Abstract: A flood level detection system for a vehicle, which includes at least one sensor, and an interface. The sensor detects the depth of an area of accumulated water in proximity to the vehicle, and then communicates the depth of the area of accumulated water to the interface. The interface then communicates to the driver of the vehicle whether the depth of the area of accumulated water is greater than or less than the maximum allowable depth that the vehicle may tolerate. The vehicle may include a driver Human-Machine Interface (HMI), and the interface may be part of the driver HMI. However, in other embodiments, the interface may be part of the vehicle instrument cluster, or other part of the vehicle. The sensor in one embodiment is a laser sensor, but in other embodiments, the sensor may be a LIDAR sensor, a LADAR sensor, radar, or a sonar sensor.