Abstract: Provided are a biodegradable aliphatic-aromatic polyester copolymer having excellent hydrolysis resistance and high viscosity which has a carboxyl end group (CEG) content of 15 mg KOH/g or less, a ratio (Mz/Mn) of a z-average molecular weight (Mz) to a number average molecular weight (Mn) of 3 to 15, and a melt index (MI) of 5 g/10 min or less as measured under conditions of a temperature of 190° C. and a load of 2.16 kg in accordance with ASTM D 1238. A method of preparing a biodegradable aliphatic-aromatic polyester copolymer is provided, including adding a chain extender and an anti-hydrolysis agent to an aliphatic-aromatic polyester pre-copolymer over time, whereby a significant viscosity rise and improvement of hydrolysis resistance may be implemented simultaneously.

Abstract: Provided are a biodegradable aliphatic-aromatic polyester copolymer having excellent hydrolysis resistance and high viscosity which has a carboxyl end group (CEG) content of 15 mg KOH/g or less, a ratio (Mz/Mn) of a z-average molecular weight (Mz) to a number average molecular weight (Mn) of 3 to 15, and a melt index (MI) of 5 g/10 min or less as measured under conditions of a temperature of 190° C. and a load of 2.16 kg in accordance with ASTM D 1238. A method of preparing a biodegradable aliphatic-aromatic polyester copolymer is provided, including adding a chain extender and an anti-hydrolysis agent to an aliphatic-aromatic polyester pre-copolymer over time, whereby a significant viscosity rise and improvement of hydrolysis resistance may be implemented simultaneously.

Abstract: Provided is a pixel driving circuit including a first circuit configured to control, in a data writing mode, a signal related to driving of one or more light-emitting elements, and a second circuit configured to supply, in a driving mode, power to the one or more light-emitting elements based on a signal transmitted from the first circuit.

Abstract: Provided is a pixel driving circuit including a first circuit configured to control, in a data writing mode, a signal related to driving of one or more light-emitting elements, and a second circuit configured to supply, in a driving mode, power to the one or more light-emitting elements based on a signal transmitted from the first circuit.

Abstract: A pixel driving circuit includes a memory unit storing data based on a first signal and a second signal, a driver connected to a luminous element and supplying electric power to the luminous element based on the data stored in the memory unit, and a test controller controlling entry into a test mode in which it is tested whether the pixel driving circuit is defective, wherein the test controller generates a test mode activation signal based on the first signal and the second signal.

Abstract: A pixel driving circuit includes a memory unit including a data memory and a register and storing data related to driving of a luminous element, a driver supplying electrical power to the luminous element based on data stored in the memory unit, and a reset unit controlling reset of the memory unit, wherein the reset unit generates a first reset signal for controlling reset of the data memory and a second reset signal for controlling reset of the register.

Abstract: Provided is a pixel driving circuit capable of reducing power consumed for pixel driving by reducing the number of times a capacitor is charged. The pixel driving circuit includes: a video memory configured to store video data related to driving of a plurality of light-emitting devices; a plurality of sub-pixel driving units, respectively corresponding to the plurality of light-emitting devices, configured to supply power to the plurality of light-emitting devices according to the video data stored in the video memory, each of the plurality of sub-pixel driving units having a capacitor unit for charging power required for driving each of the plurality of light-emitting devices; a charge control memory configured to store data related to charging of the capacitor unit; and a charge controller configured to control whether the capacitor unit is charged according to charge control data stored in the charge control memory.

Abstract: A display apparatus is capable of improving a dynamic false contour. The display apparatus may control to change an order of a plurality of pulses of which widths are modulated for an emission time set within one frame, or divide pulses corresponding to the most significant bit (MSB) and the second significant bit (MSB-1) of image data among the pulses into two or more sub-pulses, and output the sub-pulses.

Abstract: Provided is a pixel driving circuit including a first circuit configured to control, in a data writing mode, a signal related to driving of one or more light-emitting elements, and a second circuit configured to supply, in a driving mode, power to the one or more light-emitting elements based on a signal transmitted from the first circuit.

Abstract: A display apparatus is capable of improving a dynamic false contour. The display apparatus may control to change an order of a plurality of pulses of which widths are modulated for an emission time set within one frame, or divide pulses corresponding to the most significant bit (MSB) and the second significant bit (MSB-1) of image data among the pulses into two or more sub-pulses, and output the sub-pulses.

Abstract: Provided is a pixel driving circuit capable of reducing power consumed for pixel driving by reducing the number of times a capacitor is charged. The pixel driving circuit includes: a video memory configured to store video data related to driving of a plurality of light-emitting devices; a plurality of sub-pixel driving units, respectively corresponding to the plurality of light-emitting devices, configured to supply power to the plurality of light-emitting devices according to the video data stored in the video memory, each of the plurality of sub-pixel driving units having a capacitor unit for charging power required for driving each of the plurality of light-emitting devices; a charge control memory configured to store data related to charging of the capacitor unit; and a charge controller configured to control whether the capacitor unit is charged according to charge control data stored in the charge control memory.

Abstract: A display apparatus is capable of improving a dynamic false contour. The display apparatus may control to change an order of a plurality of pulses of which widths are modulated for an emission time set within one frame, or divide pulses corresponding to the most significant bit (MSB) and the second significant bit (MSB-1) of image data among the pulses into two or more sub-pulses, and output the sub-pulses.

Abstract: A real time clock device for a vehicle may include: a register set provided with a first register, in which second time information is stored, and configured to store Real Time Clock (RTC) data including the time or date; and a data compensation circuit to block an input of a 1 second (1 s) tick to the first register and compensate for a delay time according to the block of the input of the 1 s tick to the first register by an RTC lock signal during a process of transmitting the RTC data to an external device or receiving setting data for the RTC data from the external device.

Abstract: A multi-master system includes a first master, a second master, and an integrated control circuit controlled by each of the first and second masters. The integrated control circuit includes a first dedicated block configured to provide a first function to the first master, a second dedicated block configured to provide a second function to the second master, and a global using block configured to provide a common function to each of the first and second masters.

Abstract: Provided is an operating method of a monitoring device configured to monitor a microcontroller unit including a plurality of cores. The operating method includes: transmitting a question message to a first core among the plurality of cores; receiving an answer message from a second core among the plurality of cores; determining whether an operation of the microcontroller unit is abnormal, by using the answer message; receiving answer messages from cores, except for the second core, among the plurality of cores when the operation of the microcontroller unit is abnormal; and detecting an error of each of the plurality of cores by using the received answer messages.

Abstract: A real time clock device for a vehicle may include: a register set provided with a first register, in which second time information is stored, and configured to store Real Time Clock (RTC) data including the time or date; and a data compensation circuit to block an input of a 1 second (1 s) tick to the first register and compensate for a delay time according to the block of the input of the 1 s tick to the first register by an RTC lock signal during a process of transmitting the RTC data to an external device or receiving setting data for the RTC data from the external device.

Abstract: A multi-master system includes a first master, a second master, and an integrated control circuit controlled by each of the first and second masters. The integrated control circuit includes a first dedicated block configured to provide a first function to the first master, a second dedicated block configured to provide a second function to the second master, and a global using block configured to provide a common function to each of the first and second masters.

Abstract: Provided is an operating method of a monitoring device configured to monitor a microcontroller unit including a plurality of cores. The operating method includes: transmitting a question message to a first core among the plurality of cores; receiving an answer message from a second core among the plurality of cores; determining whether an operation of the microcontroller unit is abnormal, by using the answer message; receiving answer messages from cores, except for the second core, among the plurality of cores when the operation of the microcontroller unit is abnormal; and detecting an error of each of the plurality of cores by using the received answer messages.

Abstract: The printed circuit board, according to one embodiment, comprises: an insulation substrate; a pad formed on at least one side of the insulation substrate; a protection layer which is formed on the insulation substrate and exposes an upper surface of the pad; and a bump formed on the pad exposed by the protection layer, wherein the bump comprises a plurality of solder layers having melting points different from each other.

Abstract: A printed circuit board includes an insulating substrate, a plurality of pads on a top surface of the insulating substrate, a protective layer formed on the insulating substrate and having an opening to expose top surfaces of the pads, a bump formed on at least one of the pads and protruding upward of a surface of the protective layer. The bump has a curved lateral side.