Abstract: An apparatus for controlling an output voltage of a switching mode power supply (SMPS) by adjusting a switching duty ratio is provided. A comparator outputs a state signal varying depending on a comparison result between an output voltage of the SMPS and a reference voltage. A clock generator generates an internal chip operating frequency and a switching frequency of the SMPS. A digital controller determines on/off of current cells depending on the state signal input from the comparator. A digital pulse width modulator (DPWM) determines a duty ratio of a digital pulse width modulation signal by determining a charging/discharging time of an internal capacitor based on an amount of current of the current cell.

Abstract: A method for controlling an exhaust gas recirculation apparatus for heavy construction equipment of the present invention, which includes: an engine; a turbocharger which rotates a turbine by using exhaust gas discharged from the engine, and compresses air, which is supplied to the engine, by a compressor connected to the turbine through a connecting shaft; an intercooler which cools compressed air flowing into the engine; a high-pressure EGR line which is provided with a high-pressure EGR cooler and a high-pressure EGR valve, and does not pass through the turbocharger; a hybrid EGR line which is provided with a hybrid EGR valve and a hybrid EGR cooler, and does not pass through the turbine of the turbocharger but passes only through the compressor; and a low-pressure EGR line which is provided with a low-pressure EGR valve and a low-pressure EGR cooler, and passes through the turbocharger, includes a mechanical control step in which an engine control unit (ECU), which receives a low-load request signal from

Abstract: An exhaust gas recirculation apparatus for heavy construction equipment of the present disclosure, includes: a hybrid EGR line which introduces a part of exhaust gas from an exhaust manifold into a compressor so as not to pass through a turbine; and a hybrid EGR valve which is provided in the hybrid EGR line, and controlled to be opened and closed so that a part of the exhaust gas discharged from the exhaust manifold is introduced into an inlet of the compressor.

Abstract: A level detector, an internal voltage generator including the level detector, and a semiconductor memory device including the internal voltage generator are provided. The internal voltage generator includes a level detector that compares a threshold voltage that varies with temperature with an internal voltage to output a comparative voltage, and an internal voltage driver that adjusts an external supply voltage in response to the comparative voltage and that outputs an internal voltage.

Abstract: A level detector, an internal voltage generator including the level detector, and a semiconductor memory device including the internal voltage generator are provided. The internal voltage generator includes a level detector that compares a threshold voltage that varies with temperature with an internal voltage to output a comparative voltage, and an internal voltage driver that adjusts an external supply voltage in response to the comparative voltage and that outputs an internal voltage.

Abstract: A level detector, an internal voltage generator including the level detector, and a semiconductor memory device including the internal voltage generator are provided. The internal voltage generator includes a level detector that compares a threshold voltage that varies with temperature with an internal voltage to output a comparative voltage, and an internal voltage driver that adjusts an external supply voltage in response to the comparative voltage and that outputs an internal voltage.

Abstract: A charge pump and method of operation are provided. The charge pump includes a first boosting unit configured to receive a pre-charge voltage and electrically charge a first MOS capacitor during a pre-charge period, and to boost a voltage of a connection node to a first output voltage during a boosting operation period, and a second boosting unit configured to receive the pre-charge voltage and electrically charge a second MOS capacitor during the pre-charge period, and to receive the first output voltage and boost a voltage of an output node to a second output voltage during the boosting operation period. Here, the pre-charge voltage is applied to electrically charge a parasitic capacitor during a parasitic capacitor charging period between the pre-charge period and the boosting operation period.

Abstract: An oscillation circuit, and a semiconductor device incorporating same, include: an oscillation unit with a plurality of inverters and configured to perform signal transmission between first and second nodes of the inverters such that each of the inverters performs an oscillation operation to generate clock signals having different phases when a control signal is activated, and latch a clock signal of the second node and cut off the signal transmission between the first and second nodes to stop the oscillation operations of the inverters when the control signal is deactivated; and a control unit to activate the control signal when an oscillation enable signal is activated, and deactivate the control signal using one of a clock signal output from an inverter connected to the second node and clock signals of which the phases lag that of a clock signal of the first node, when the oscillation enable signal is deactivated.

Abstract: Provided is a spacer member of a camera module which fixes a border of an elastic member for elastically supporting a lens holder upward and downward to a housing, and a camera module equipped with the same. The spacer member for a camera module, which is disposed between a cover and a plate spring of the camera module so as to fix a border of the plate spring to a housing, is characterized in that the spacer member is formed of an elastic material having cushion performance, and the spacer member is compressed toward the plate spring by the cover so that the plate spring is fixedly compressed to the housing.

Abstract: An oscillation circuit and a semiconductor device incorporating same are provided. The oscillation circuit includes an oscillation unit including a plurality of inverters and configured to perform signal transmission between first and second nodes of the inverters such that each of the inverters performs an oscillation operation to generate clock signals having different phases, when a control signal is activated, and latch a clock signal of the second node and cut off the signal transmission between the first and second nodes to stop the oscillation operations of the inverters, when the control signal is deactivated, and a control unit configured to activate the control signal when an oscillation enable signal is activated, and deactivate the control signal using one of a clock signal output from an inverter connected to the second node among the plurality of inverters and clock signals of which the phases lead that of a clock signal of the first node, when the oscillation enable signal is deactivated.

Abstract: A charge pump and method of operation are provided. The charge pump includes a first boosting unit configured to receive a pre-charge voltage and electrically charge a first MOS capacitor during a pre-charge period, and to boost a voltage of a connection node to a first output voltage during a boosting operation period, and a second boosting unit configured to receive the pre-charge voltage and electrically charge a second MOS capacitor during the pre-charge period, and to receive the first output voltage and boost a voltage of an output node to a second output voltage during the boosting operation period. Here, the pre-charge voltage is applied to electrically charge a parasitic capacitor during a parasitic capacitor charging period between the pre-charge period and the boosting operation period.

Abstract: A level detector, an internal voltage generator including the level detector, and a semiconductor memory device including the internal voltage generator are provided. The internal voltage generator includes a level detector that compares a threshold voltage that varies with temperature with an internal voltage to output a comparative voltage, and an internal voltage driver that adjusts an external supply voltage in response to the comparative voltage and that outputs an internal voltage.

Abstract: An image display apparatus and an information providing method using the image display apparatus are provided. The image display apparatus such as a digital TV classifies RSS information, which is provided from a web server, according to the time slot and displays the RSS information in predetermined categories at corresponding time slots on a screen in order to provide a user with the RSS information. Therefore, the user can check desired information easily and rapidly.

Abstract: A received television program is blocked out when a rating of the program is not within a scope of a preset rating. A rating signal is extracted from a video signal of the television program, and the rating signal is decoded to detect the rating of the program. The rating of the program is compared with the preset rating and an automatic frequency control (AFC) circuit is forced into an inoperative state to block out an output of the received television program when the comparison shows that the rating of the detected program is not within the scope of the preset rating. Accordingly, the blocking-out function against improper programs can be achieved by detecting the rating of the received program and by making the AFC circuit inoperative.

Abstract: An apparatus for automatically switching broadcasting systems and controlling method thereof controls switching between an NTSC system and a PAL-M system according to the detected number of color killer signals. A stabilized broadcasting system is set to either the NTSC system or the PAL-M system when the broadcasting system is switched between the PAL-M system and the NTSC system by more than the predetermined times in the broadcasting signal receiving system capable of receiving both NTSC broadcasting system and PAL-M broadcasting system to provide a high picture quality images.