Abstract: Provided is a method of improving skin condition by applying to the skin of a subject a cosmetic composition comprising black yeast-derived exosomes as an active ingredient and thereby improving the skin condition, particularly skin elasticity improvement, skin wrinkle reduction, skin texture improvement, skin tone improvement, skin brightness improvement, skin regeneration, skin moisturization, and/or whitening.

Abstract: Disclosed is a storage device which includes a nonvolatile memory device and a controller. The controller communicates with a host through a first port, communicates with an external storage device through a second port, and controls the nonvolatile memory device based on first mapping information. The controller is configured to receive second mapping information from the external storage device, receive first write data from the host and to selectively transmit first write data to the external storage device based on the second mapping information.

Abstract: A storage device includes a nonvolatile memory and a controller. The controller includes a job manager circuit and a processor. The job manager circuit manages a first-type job associated with the nonvolatile memory, and the processor processes a second-type job associated with the nonvolatile memory. The job manager circuit manages the first-type job without intervention of the processor. The processor provides a management command to the job manager circuit in response to a notification received from the job manager circuit, such that the second-type job is processed.

Abstract: Disclosed is a storage device which includes a nonvolatile memory device and a controller. The controller communicates with a host through a first port, communicates with an external storage device through a second port, and controls the nonvolatile memory device based on first mapping information. The controller is configured to receive second mapping information from the external storage device, receive first write data from the host and to selectively transmit first write data to the external storage device based on the second mapping information.

Abstract: Disclosed is a storage device which includes a nonvolatile memory device and a controller. The controller communicates with a host through a first port, communicates with an external storage device through a second port, and controls the nonvolatile memory device based on first mapping information. The controller is configured to receive second mapping information from the external storage device, receive first write data from the host and to selectively transmit first write data to the external storage device based on the second mapping information.

Abstract: A storage device includes a nonvolatile memory and a controller. The controller includes a job manager circuit and a processor. The job manager circuit manages a first-type job associated with the nonvolatile memory, and the processor processes a second-type job associated with the nonvolatile memory. The job manager circuit manages the first-type job without intervention of the processor. The processor provides a management command to the job manager circuit in response to a notification received from the job manager circuit, such that the second-type job is processed.

Abstract: Disclosed is a storage device which includes a nonvolatile memory device and a controller. The controller communicates with a host through a first port, communicates with an external storage device through a second port, and controls the nonvolatile memory device based on first mapping information. The controller is configured to receive second mapping information from the external storage device, receive first write data from the host and to selectively transmit first write data to the external storage device based on the second mapping information.

Abstract: A method transfers read data from a flash memory to a controller synchronously with respect to a data strobe signal during a read data transfer period. During an initial control period of the read data transfer period, the cycle of the data strobe signal is expanded such that a pulse width of the resulting cycle-controlled data strobe signal is greater than a pulse width of the data strobe signal.

Abstract: A method of programming a memory device includes generating a row selection signal according to a command type of a command received from a memory controller, loading data to page buffers corresponding to bit lines assigned by the column selection signal, and programming memory cells connected to a word line assigned by the row selection signal based on the data loaded to the page buffers. The column selection signal being generated to selectively jump a portion of the page buffers corresponding to the bit lines according to the command type.

Abstract: A method transfers read data from a flash memory to a controller synchronously with respect to a data strobe signal during a read data transfer period. During an initial control period of the read data transfer period, the cycle of the data strobe signal is expanded such that a pulse width of the resulting cycle-controlled data strobe signal is greater than a pulse width of the data strobe signal.