Abstract: The touch panel includes a first substrate and a second substrate spaced apart from each other; a position detecting electrode on at least one of the first and second substrates; a pressure detecting electrode on a bottom surface of the first substrate; a wire connecting the position detecting electrode to a substrate; and an intermediate layer being elastically deformed such that a thickness of the intermediate layer is varied.

Abstract: A touch panel according to the embodiment includes a substrate including an effective area and a dummy area surrounding the effective area; a transparent electrode on the substrate; and an outer dummy layer on the dummy area, wherein the outer dummy layer comprises a piezoelectric material.

Abstract: A touch panel according to the embodiment includes a substrate, a recess part on the substrate, an electrode unit aligned on the substrate to detect an input position and an actuator aligned on the recess part to transfer vibration force. A liquid crystal display according to the embodiment includes a liquid crystal panel for displaying images; and a touch panel aligned at a display side of the liquid crystal panel such that information is input thereto from an outside. The touch panel includes an input unit for inputting the information; and a haptic unit for applying vibration. The input unit includes a first substrate; a sensor unit aligned on the first substrate to detect an input position; and a wiring electrically connected to the sensor unit.

Abstract: A touch panel according to the embodiment includes a substrate, a recess part on the substrate, an electrode unit aligned on the substrate to detect an input position and an actuator aligned on the recess part to transfer vibration force. A liquid crystal display according to the embodiment includes a liquid crystal panel for displaying images; and a touch panel aligned at a display side of the liquid crystal panel such that information is input thereto from an outside. The touch panel includes an input unit for inputting the information; and a haptic unit for applying vibration. The input unit includes a first substrate; a sensor unit aligned on the first substrate to detect an input position; and a wiring electrically connected to the sensor unit.

Abstract: A touch panel according to the embodiment includes a substrate including an effective area and a dummy area surrounding the effective area; a transparent electrode on the substrate; and an outer dummy layer on the dummy area, wherein the outer dummy layer comprises a piezoelectric material.

Abstract: The touch panel according to the embodiment includes a first substrate and a second substrate spaced apart from each other; a position detecting electrode on at least one of the first and second substrates; a wire connecting the position detecting electrode to a substrate; and an intermediate layer being elastically deformed such that a thickness of the intermediate layer is varied.

Abstract: Provided are a micro-valve structure and a lab-on-a-chip module that include a polymer actuator. The micro-valve structure may include a flexible structure disposed on a substrate, and the polymer actuator inserted into the flexible structure. At this time, the flexible structure has a valve portion defining a microchannel and the polymer actuator is separated from the microchannel by the flexible structure. In addition, the polymer actuator is formed to change a width of the microchannel by controlling a displacement of the valve portion.

Abstract: Provided are a micro-valve structure and a lab-on-a-chip module that include a polymer actuator. The micro-valve structure may include a flexible structure disposed on a substrate, and the polymer actuator inserted into the flexible structure. At this time, the flexible structure has a valve portion defining a microchannel and the polymer actuator is separated from the microchannel by the flexible structure. In addition, the polymer actuator is formed to change a width of the microchannel by controlling a displacement of the valve portion.