Abstract: A method of characterizing an error in a NAND flash memory, and an error estimation method and a storage system control method using the same are provided. The method of characterizing an error in a NAND flash memory characterizes an error source of the NAND flash memory using a center distance between one pattern and another pattern among a plurality of patterns in a threshold voltage distribution of NAND flash memory cells as a parameter.

Abstract: Proposed are an article transport vehicle with a power operation function, an article transport system, and a method for operation of an article transport vehicle. More particularly, proposed is a technology that controls a traveling state and power operation of an article transport vehicle for each situation according to a traveling condition suitable for an energy storage means selected and mounted according to the requirements of an article transport system, thereby improving the operational efficiency of the entire article transport system.

Abstract: A display panel includes a support substrate including a display area having a plurality of pixel areas and a non-display area disposed around the display area. An encapsulation substrate faces a first side of the support substrate. An emitting array is disposed on the first side of the support substrate. A phase adjusting layer is disposed on the emitting array and changes a phase of light. A reflected light absorbing layer is disposed on the phase adjusting layer and absorbs at least a portion of light reflected from the emitting array. A sealing layer is disposed in the non-display area between the support substrate and the encapsulation substrate. A black matrix layer is disposed on a first side of the encapsulation substrate and corresponds to boundaries between the plurality of pixel areas.

Abstract: A display device includes: a base substrate, an emission element disposed on the base substrate, a capping layer disposed on the emission element and having a thickness of about 280 ? to about 360 ?, an anti-reflection layer disposed on the capping layer, a filling layer disposed on the anti-reflection layer and having a refractive index of about 1.3 to about 1.6, and an encapsulation substrate disposed on the filling layer.

Abstract: A display device includes a lower metal layer disposed on a surface of a substrate and including a first opening overlapping a rear emission pixel in a plan view; a first electrode and a second electrode disposed in each of the rear emission pixel and a front emission pixel, the first electrode and the second electrode being spaced apart from each other on the lower metal layer; first light emitting elements disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode disposed in the rear emission pixel; second light emitting elements disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode disposed in the front emission pixel; and a reflective layer disposed on the first light emitting elements and overlapping the rear emission pixel in a plan view, the reflective layer overlaps at least one of the first light emitting elements in a plan view.

Abstract: According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, a display device includes: a substrate; a planarization layer on the substrate; a first alignment mark in a non-display area of the substrate; a first electrode and a second electrode in a display area of the substrate; a light emitting element electrically connected to the first electrode and the second electrode; a wavelength conversion layer on the light emitting element; a first bank on at least a part of the first electrode; and a second bank on the first bank to be around the wavelength conversion layer. A thickness of a part of the planarization layer that overlaps the first alignment mark in a thickness direction of the substrate is greater than a thickness of a part of the planarization layer that overlaps the first electrode and the second electrode in the thickness direction of the substrate.

Abstract: A cleaning device for a substrate transfer device comprises a traveling unit configured to travel along a rail having first and second areas, a rail unit including the rail and a rail structure disposed on the rail, and a rinsing unit including a suction part disposed on the rail and that rotates about a suction nozzle. When the rinsing unit is placed in contact with the rail structure, the suction part rotates about the suction nozzle.

Abstract: Proposed are an OHT (overhead hoist transport) vehicle traction device and a method of managing an OHT system using same. The OHT vehicle traction device may solve problems of a driving-malfunction vehicle on the rails of an OHT system or tows the vehicle, and the method of managing the OHT system may increase the management efficiency of the entire OHT system by solving problems of a driving-malfunction vehicle or towing the vehicle in an unmanned type.

Abstract: An apparatus for manufacturing an alignment layer includes: a dispenser which supplies an alignment material; an anilox roll, onto which the alignment material supplied from the dispenser is applied; a printing roll which is engaged and rotated with the anilox roll; and a resin plate attached to an outer peripheral surface of the printing roll, where the resin plate receives the alignment material applied onto the anilox roll and prints the alignment material to a targeted substrate, in which the resin plate comprises a first area and a second area surrounding the first area, first convex portions and first concave portions are disposed in the first area, second convex portions and second concave portions are disposed in the second area, and an area of each second convex portion is larger than an area of each first convex portion.

Abstract: An apparatus for manufacturing an alignment layer includes: a dispenser which supplies an alignment material; an anilox roll, onto which the alignment material supplied from the dispenser is applied; a printing roll which is engaged and rotated with the anilox roll; and a resin plate attached to an outer peripheral surface of the printing roll, where the resin plate receives the alignment material applied onto the anilox roll and prints the alignment material to a targeted substrate, in which the resin plate comprises a first area and a second area surrounding the first area, first convex portions and first concave portions are disposed in the first area, second convex portions and second concave portions are disposed in the second area, and an area of each second convex portion is larger than an area of each first convex portion.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing an active retarder includes forming a first substrate, forming a second substrate, and forming a liquid crystal layer between the first substrate and the second substrate. The forming of the first and second substrates is performed by a roll-to-roll process.

Abstract: An alignment layer according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention includes a polyimide, wherein the polyimide is derived from a composition including a dianhydride-based compound, and a compound represented by a Chemical Formula 1: wherein, in the above Chemical Formula 1, X1 and X2 are independently F, Cl, or CN, and R1 is a substituted or non-substituted C1-C12 alkyl group, a substituted or non-substituted C1-C12 alkoxy group, a substituted or non-substituted C1-C12 halogen-containing alkyl group, a substituted or non-substituted C1-C12 halogen-containing alkoxy group, or a combination thereof.

Abstract: A display device includes a first substrate and a second substrate. The first substrate includes a sealant which is formed on a peripheral area surrounding a display area including a plurality of pixel portions. The sealant includes a photocuring material hardened by multiphoton absorption and a thermosetting material hardened by heat. The second substrate faces the first substrate and is combined with the first substrate by the sealant. Thus, the reliability of manufacturing the display device, the display quality, and the productivity may be improved.

Abstract: An alignment layer according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention includes a polyimide, wherein the polyimide is derived from a composition including a dianhydride-based compound, and a compound represented by a Chemical Formula 1: wherein, in the above Chemical Formula 1, X1 and X2 are independently F, Cl, or CN, and R1 is a substituted or non-substituted C1-C12 alkyl group, a substituted or non-substituted C1-C12 alkoxy group, a substituted or non-substituted C1-C12 halogen-containing alkyl group, a substituted or non-substituted C1-C12 halogen-containing alkoxy group, or a combination thereof.

Abstract: A sealant for a display device includes a photoinitiator having an oxime ester compound or a 2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl-diphenyl-phosphineoxide compound, and a curing resin. The sealant may further include a curing agent, a coupling agent, and a filler. A display device includes a first substrate having a display area, a second substrate opposite to the first substrate, a liquid crystal layer interposed between the first substrate and the second substrate, and a sealing pattern contacting the first substrate and the second substrate so as substrate to combine the first substrate and the second substrate with each other. The sealing pattern may include a photoinitiator having an oxime ester compound or a 2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl-diphenyl-phosphineoxide compound.

Abstract: A display device includes a first substrate and a second substrate. The first substrate includes a sealant which is formed on a peripheral area surrounding a display area including a plurality of pixel portions. The sealant includes a photocuring material hardened by multiphoton absorption and a thermosetting material hardened by heat. The second substrate faces the first substrate and is combined with the first substrate by the sealant. Thus, the reliability of manufacturing the display device, the display quality, and the productivity may be improved.

Abstract: A thin-film transistor (“TFT”) substrate includes; a substrate including both a light-transmitting region and a light-blocking region, a solar cell pattern disposed on the light-blocking region of the substrate, and comprising at least one solar cell, an insulation layer disposed on the solar cell pattern, and a TFT disposed on the insulation layer.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display according to an embodiment includes a first substrate, a pixel electrode, which is formed on the first substrate comprises a first domain dividing means, a first sub pixel electrode and a second sub pixel electrode which are distanced from each other to have a predetermined interval, a second substrate which is disposed to face the first substrate, a second domain dividing means which is formed on the second substrate; and a liquid crystal layer which is interposed between the first substrate and the second substrate, wherein a plurality of sub areas are defined by the first and second domain dividing means, and a width of a sub area of the first sub pixel electrode and a width of a sub area of the second sub pixel electrode are different.

Abstract: An array substrate includes: a gate line, a data line crossing disposed substantially perpendicular to the gate line, a first switching element being electrically connected to the gate line and the data line, a pixel electrode being electrically connected to the first switching element to be formed in a pixel area, the pixel electrode having including an opening pattern, and a light-blocking wiring formed disposed in correspondence with the opening pattern is formed, the light-blocking wiring including a convex-concave pattern.